公民教育:卢梭美德共和国的微观基础

Civic Education: The Foundation of Rousseau's Republic of Virtue

公民教育是卢梭政治思想的核心,是其美德共和国的微观基础。卢梭心目中的公民具有强烈的爱国情怀,积极地参与公共事务,将公意作为自我行事的最高准则。卢梭的公民教育包括两个部分——家庭教育和公共教育,它们共同承担着将"人"转变为"公民"的任务。在古今之争的背景下,卢梭提出了现代社会公民教育的解决方案:在理想的城邦中,通过公共教育对全体公民实施公民教育;在腐化的现代民族国家中,公共教育不再可行,只能诉诸改良版的家庭来对个体实施公民教育。

Civic education which acts a key role in Rousseau＇s political thought is the foundation of Rousseau＇s republic of virtue. A true citizen must be a patriot who will participate in public affairs under the guidance of the general will. Rousseau＇s pedagogical project includes two parts： domestic education and public education. Both of them bear the responsibilities to transform a man into a citizen. Against the background of the struggle between classical tradition and modernity, Rousseau suggests that public education is applicable to an ideal political community and domestic education to a corrupt modern state in which public instruction no longer exists and can no longer exist. In Rousseau＇s view, the only way for redemption is to remodel the family and make it suitable to cultivate citizens in decay societies.