不同年龄支气管哮喘急性发作患儿的临床特点分析

Clinical characteristics of different ages of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

目的探讨不同年龄支气管哮喘急性发作患儿的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2015年6月118例支气管哮喘急性发作患儿的临床资料,按年龄分为3组：婴幼儿组（〈3岁）、学龄前组（3岁至不满6岁）及学龄组（6~14岁）,比较3组患儿的临床特点。结果婴幼儿组合并肺炎及住院期间使用抗菌药物的比例最高,住院费用最高,住院天数最长,随年龄增长以上指标均逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;哮喘的维持治疗中,吸入性糖皮质激素的使用率以学龄儿童最高,为70%,年龄越小使用率越低,婴幼儿组使用率仅38%,3组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论不同年龄的支气管哮喘急性发作患儿的临床特点不同,其中哮喘急性发作婴幼儿合并肺炎的比例高,抗菌药物使用率高,住院费用高,住院时间长,且哮喘的规范治疗率低。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of different ages of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Methods The clinical data of 118 children with an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma between June 2012 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were classified into infant group（3 years old）, preschool group（3-6 years old）, and school-age group（6-14 years old） to compare their clinical characteristics. Results The infant group had the highest rate of pneumonia, the highest rate of hospital use of antibacterial agents, the highest hospital costs, and the longest length of hospital stay, followed by the preschool group and the school-age group（P〈0.05）. For the maintenance treatment of asthma, the rate of use of inhaled corticosteroids was highest in the school-age group（70%）, followed by the preschool group（50%）and the infant group（38%）（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The clinical characteristics vary between different ages of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma： the children less than 3 years old have a higher rate of pneumonia, a higher rate of use of antibacterial agents, higher hospital costs, a longer length of hospital stay, and a lower rate of standard treatment.