激光干涉引力波天文台探测到的引力波事件中的黑洞

The black holes in the gravitational event of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory

2016年2月11日,激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)发布了震惊世界的科学新闻:爱因斯坦100年前预言的引力波终于被人类探测到了!而且这个引力波事件GW150914来自于两个恒星级质量黑洞的并合!众多大众和专业媒体都对此做了大量的报道和介绍,引起了大众的普遍关注,因此文章将从不同的角度简要回答有关产生这个引力波事件中的两个黑洞的几个问题:为什么爱因斯坦不相信黑洞存在?怎么知道这样的天体是黑洞?物质是如何掉到黑洞里面的?如何获得独立的证据证明这样的引力波事件的确来自于黑洞的并合?探测这样的引力波事件对于我们理解黑洞有什么进一步的作用?

On February 11 th, 2016, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observato- ry （LIGO） announced the shocking science news： the gravitational wave predicted 100 years ago by Einstein is finally detected! And this event GW150914 came from the merging of two stellar mass black holes! There have been massive public and professional media coverage on this event, and thus this paper will answer from different perspectives several questions about the black holes that generated the observed gravitational waves, such as, why did not Einstein believe the existence of black holes？ How to know such objects are black holes？ How does matter fall into a black hole？ How to obtain independent evidence that such gravitational wave events indeed come from merging black holes？ How can our understanding of black holes be improved with the detection of such gravitational events？ Keywords black hole, event horizon, frozen star, gravitational wave, Einstein, Oppenheimer