现代汉语借用动量词的转喻类型研究

The Metonymy Type of Borrowed Verbal Classifiers in Modern Chinese

借用动量词是动量家族中开放的成员,通过转喻机制,从名词、动词等其它词类借用成员,实现对动作事件形象、适切的表达。本文通过自建的小型封闭语料,将其中的动量词分为因果类、伴随类、器官类、工具类、时间类及拷贝类六种类型。统计分析发现,它们在语料中出现的频次分布差异较大。笔者尝试运用转喻机制,并结合参照点理论和事件域认知模型(ECM),对此进行阐释。该分析有助于人们对数量众多、类型庞杂的借用动量词有更加明晰的认识,从而加强动量词的使用效力。

Borrowed verbal classifiers, which have no fixed members in the family of verbal classifiers, borrow from nouns, verbs and other parts of speech through metonymy. Thus they can express the action event vividly and properly. Based on the collected data, the borrowed verbal classifiers fall into the following six types concerning causation, accompanying, organ, tool, time and copying. Our analysis reveals that their appearance and distribution in the data are quite different. This paper attempts to explain the formation of the borrowed verbal classifiers by means of metonymy, the reference point and Event-Do- main Cognitive Model （ECM）. It is beneficial to the deep understanding of the borrowed verbal classifiers and their applica- tion.