苦瓜的干物质和养分累积与分配规律

Accumulation and distribution characteristics of biomass and nutrient in bitter gourd(Momordica charantia L.)

理解作物的干物质和养分累积规律是实现作物高产高效的基础。采用大田栽培试验,研究了苦瓜干物质和N、P、K养分累积动态。结果表明,苦瓜结果前的干物质累积速率慢,累积量仅占整个生育期干物质累积量的4.0%,主要以生产叶片为主;结果期的干物质累积速率快,累积量占全生育期的96%,主要用于叶片和果实的生长;苦瓜养分累积总量表现为K>N>P,且不同生长时期、不同部位的养分累积特征不同。总体上N、P、K的吸收比例可以归纳为幼苗期至采收初期1.0∶0.1∶1.4,采收盛期至末期1.0∶0.2∶1.6;整个生育期内,平均生产每吨苦瓜所需N量为4.63 kg,P为0.72 kg,K为6.87 kg。

Elemental uptake and allocation patterns of crops create insight for nutrient management. On-field experiment was conducted to understand the accumulation and distribution characteristics of biomass and nutrient in bitter gourd. The results revealed that 4.0% of dry matter was accumulated in leaves before harvest and 96% of it was accumulated in leaves and fruits from harvest stage to the end. The total absorption of nutrient in bitter gourd was K〉N〉P. Different organs at various growth stages showed different accumulation trend. Generally , the ratio of 1.0 ： 0.1 ： 1.4 from seedling stage to early harvest stage, and 1.0 ： 0.2 ： 1.6 from harvest peak to the end was optimal for bitter gourd. Throughout growth season, to obtain a ton of bitter gourd, the NPK requirement was 4.63 kg, 0.72 kg and 6.87 kg, respectively.