罗非鱼精养池塘陆基微循环工厂化生态养殖技术研究

Study on terrestrial industrial microcirculatory technology of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) in intensive pond

采用陆基微循环生态养殖技术对5个尼罗罗非鱼池塘的节水节能效果、水质影响与机理和养殖效益进行研究。结果显示,在183 d养殖周期内,陆基微循环生态养殖技术试验组的平均日换水率为1.4%,比对照组节水减排74.7%(P<0.01);试验组主要水质因子均符合国家渔业水质标准,与对照组相比除p H和NO3-浓度无显著差异外,Tur、TAN、NO2-、COD等浓度均具有极显著差异;同时,蓝藻相对密度较小(P<0.01)。与对照组养殖池塘相比,试验组的出池体重、净产量、生长速度分别高13.8%(P<0.05)、38.7%(P<0.01)和14.4%(P<0.05),饲料系数降低12.3%(P<0.05),净增利润1.4397万元/hm2。结果表明,罗非鱼精养池塘陆基微循环工厂化生态养殖技术具有显著的节水、减排、环保与节能效果,同时还兼备成本低廉、操作简便和易于推广等优点,是为一种生态健康高效的精准池塘养殖模式。

The trial was conducted to study the water-saving and energy-saving effects, mechanism and culture benefit of the terrestrial microcirculatory industrial aquaculture technology for Nile tilapia （ Oreochromis niloticus ） in intensive pond. The results showed that during the 183 days of Nile tilapia cultivation trial, the treatments saved 74.7% water than the control significantly （ P〈0.01 ） , whose average rate of water exchanged was only 1.4% per day. The concentrations of major water quality parameters in the treatments, as pH, NO3-, DO, Tur, TAN, NO2-, COD, fit related national standards of aquaculture water quality, and Tur, TAN, NO/-, COD had significant differences （P〈0.O1） between the treatment and the control except the density of pH and NO3-, moreover, the relative density of blue-green algae was smaller 〈 P〈0.01 ） . The treatments increased Nile tilapia harvest size, yield and growth rate with 13.8% （ P〈0.05 ）, 38.7% （ P〈0.01 ） and 14.4% （ P〈0.05 ）, respectively, and decreased the feed conversion rate with 12.3% （ P〈0.05 ） than the control, there was a net increase profits of 14.397 thousands Yuan/hm^2. In conclusion, the terrestrial microcirculatory industrial aquaculture technology of Nile tilapia in intensive pond had advantages, such as significantly saving water and energy, reducing pollution, safety, low investment, convenient operation, and easy for extension. The technique would promote the transition of aquaculture development from highly costing resources to saving resources and becoming environment friendly. It, after all, might be an ecological, healthy and efficient aquaculture model.