高低工作记忆容量个体脱离注意捕获的时间差异

Influence of Individual Difference in Working Memory Capacity on the Memory-Driven Attentional Deployment

从工作记忆容量(WMC)这一个体差异角度研究工作记忆对视觉搜索具有的注意导向作用.低WMC的个体更易受干扰刺激的影响,易被与工作记忆内容相匹配的项目所吸引;高WMC的个体更易进行认知控制.根据个体的WMC测试结果区分为高、低WMC两组,探讨他们在脱离注意捕获效应上的时间差异.考察了搜索延迟时间为0,150,300ms时不同WMC个体是否发生注意捕获的脱离,以及搜索延迟时间为300 ms和600 ms时不同WMC个体在脱离捕获效应上是否存在差异.结果表明:1高、低WMC个体在0,150,300ms均出现注意捕获效应,未发生注意捕获的脱离;2对于低WMC个体,在300ms和600ms仍出现注意的自动捕获效应,未发生注意脱离;3但对于高WMC,在延迟时间为300ms时,未发生注意捕获的脱离;在延迟时间为600ms时,已经出现了脱离现象.研究表明,在加工的早期阶段高WMC对脱离注意捕获不起作用;在后期加工阶段,高WMC有利于脱离注意捕获效应,为注意抑制效应创造条件.

Working memory refers to the capacity-limited system or systems that are assumed to be neces- sary for keeping things in mind while performing complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and learning. Working memory capacity （WMC） is related to a person＇s ability to select goal-relevant informa- tion and ignore potential distraction. The contents of working memory can deploy the selective attention in the visual search task, including attentional capture or inhibition. This research focuses on the influence of WMC on such memory-driven attentional deployment. High-WMC individuals can execute cognitive con- trol to distractors better than low-WMC individuals. In a study reported herein, with the standard meas- ure, the subjects got their K, which meant WMC value, and were divided into high-K and low-K groups. The search delay was set to 0 ms, 150 ms or 300 ms in Experiment 1 and to 300 ms or 600 ms in Experi- ment. The results showed that the attentional capture effect was found in both high-K and low-K groups when the search delay was 0 ms, 150 ms or 300 ms; that for the low-K group, they still had the attention- al capture effect when the search delay was 600 ms, thus suggesting that they could not inhibit the memo- ry-matched distractors so they didn＇t escape from the attentional capture; and that for the high-K group, the attentional capture effect disappeared when the search delay was 600 ms, suggesting that they success- fully inhibited the memory-matched distractors to escape from the attentional capture. All the above results indicated that WMC does not work in the early phase of attentional deployment, but in the late phase it helps sub- jects to escape from the attentional capture effect and to prepare for the attentional inhibition effect.