崩壁治理中几种稳定复绿技术对比研究

Comparative Study on Several Stable and Regreen Technologies in the Governance of Collapsed Wall

为探讨边坡治理常见工程技术与乡土植物不同组合措施对崩壁稳定复绿效果,筛选崩壁稳定复绿最优组合措施。采用崩壁人工径流小区定位观测试验,布置了9种不同组合措施:细沟喷播植草(灌)(RSS)、小台阶细沟喷播植草(灌)(SSR)、小台阶三维网喷播植草(灌)(SST)、三维网喷播植草(灌)(TDM)、土工格网喷播植草(灌)(GEG)、穴植草(灌)(HOP)、细沟喷播植灌木(RPS)、细沟喷播植牧草(RPG)和对照处理(CON)。乡土植物为百喜草(Paspalum notatum Alain ex Flüggé)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.)、山毛豆(Oxytropis hirta Bunge)与紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.)。结果表明:(1)崩壁土壤含水量与前期累积降雨量间呈正相关线性关系;崩壁稳定系数随含水量呈先增后减变化趋势,其中处理TDM稳定系数最大,CON稳定系数最小且显著低于其余各处理(P=0.05)。(2)处理TDM和CON崩壁植被覆盖度分别为最大和最小,且显著高于和低于其余各处理(P=0.05)。(3)处理CON崩壁径流及侵蚀量均显著高于其余各处理(P=0.05);RPS和RPG处理崩壁径流侵蚀量小于CON处理,但大于其余各处理。(4)基于崩壁稳定系数、含水量、覆盖度、径流与侵蚀量数据,采用相对差距和评价法对9种组合措施进行了定量评价,处理TDM为崩壁稳定复绿最优组合措施。

In order to discuss the effect of different combined measures of common engineering technologies in slope regulation and indigenous vegetation measures on the regreen and stability of the collapsed wall,the best combined measure was selected.9treatments were designed based on the in-situ experiment of artificial runoff plots on the collapsed wall,which included：（1）rill spray planting grass and shrub（RSS）,（2）small steps and rill spray planting grass and shrub（SSR）,（3）small steps and 3-D mesh planting grass and shrub（SST）,（4）3-D mesh planting grass and shrub TDM,（5）geotechnical grid planting grass and shrub（GEG）,（6）hole-planting grass and shrub（HOP）,（7）the control（CON）,（8）rill spray planting shrub（RPS）and（9）rill spray planting grass（RPG）.The indigenous vegetation contained：Bahias grass（Paspalum notatumAlain ex Flüggé）,Bermuda grass（Cynodon dactylon（L.）Pers.）,White Tephrosia（Oxytropis hirta Bunge）and Shrubby falseindigo（Amorpha fruticosa L.）.The results showed that,（1）there was a linear relationship between soil moisture of the collapsed wall and the previous cumulative rainfall amount.The stability coefficient of the collapsed wall increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture.The stability coefficient under the treatment TDM was the largest,while the coefficient under the CON was the least and significantly lower than other treatments（P=0.05）.（2）The largest and least vegetation coverageappeared in the treatment TDM and CON,and they were significantly larger and lower than other treatments（P=0.05）,respectively.（3）The runoff and erosion amount under CON were the largest,and significantly larger than those under other treatments（P=0.05）.The runoff and erosion yield under the pure grass（RPG）or shrub（RPS）treatment were lower than those under CON,while larger than those under other treatments.（4）Based on the data of the stability coefficient,soil moisture,vegetation coverage,runoff amount and erosion yield,9combined measures were quantitatively evaluated by the summation of relative difference method,showing the optimal combined measure was TDM.