不同种养废弃物还田对复垦宅基地土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响

The Effect of Different Planting and Breeding Wastes on the Enzyme Activity and Microbial Numbers in Homestead Reclaimed Soil

以成都平原复垦宅基地土壤为对象,研究3类种养废弃物（秸秆、猪粪和菌渣）与化肥配施下土壤酶活性、微生物数量的动态变化及其相关性。结果表明：（1）3类＂种养废弃物＋化肥＂配施相比空白（CK）和常规施肥（CF）方式,均能显著提高复垦宅基地土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性。（2）小麦成熟期,0—20,20—40cm土层土壤微生物总数分别在猪粪还田（MCF）和菌渣还田（FCF）下达到最大值26.89×10~6 cfu/g和17.82×10~6 cfu/g。MCF和FCF处理下3种微生物（细菌、真菌和放线菌）数量都显著高于SCF处理,但MCF和FCF处理之间基本无显著差异。（3）归一化的土壤酶活性值除在0—20cm土层MCF处理达到最高值0.140外,其余均在FCF处理下达到最大。在小麦成熟期,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性基本呈现出FCF〉SCF〉MCF的规律（除0—20cm土层土壤脲酶）。（4）5种处理下的土壤酶活性、微生物数量、土壤有机碳及全氮之间均表现出显著相关。（5）0—20cm土层种养废弃物配施处理下微生物数量、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性在小麦生育期内呈倒＂U＂型变化趋势,过氧化氢酶活性呈不断上升的趋势;20—40cm土层微生物数量和土壤酶活大致呈递增趋势。（6）综合分析表明,＂菌渣＋化肥＂配施处理（FCF）为成都平原复垦宅基地土壤培肥较适宜方式。

Homestead reclaimed soil was taken from the Chengdu plain to study the correlation between the physical and chemical properties of soil and the dynamic changes of enzyme activity and microbial numbers in the soil under the combined application of different planting and breeding wastes（straw,pig manure,and mushroom dregs）with chemical fertilizers.The results showed that：（1）3different kinds of planting and breeding wastes respectively mixed with chemical fertilizer could all greatly improve microbial numbers and enzyme activity in the soil better than CK and CF（chemical fertilizer）.（2）During the mature period,in the0—20cm and 20—40cm soil layers,total number of soil microorganisms reached maximum 26.89×10~6cfu/g and17.82×10~6cfu/g in pig manure（MCF）and mushroom dregs（FCF）treatments,respectively.Meanwhile,the numbers of 3kinds of microorganisms,bacteria,fungus and actinomyces in the soil under MCF and FCF treatments were more than those under straw（SCF）treatment,but there was no difference between MCF and FCF treatments.（3）With the exception of normalized enzyme activity achieving its maximum value0.140 under MCF treatment in the 0—20cm soil layer,the others achieved maximum value under FCF treatment.Enzyme activities of urease,invertase and catalase in the mature stage of wheat presentedachanging law：FCF〉SCF〉MCF（except for urease activity in the 0—20cm soil layer）.（4）There was an obvious correlation among enzyme activity,microbial numbers,organic carbon content and total nitrogen content with these 5different methods.（5）In the 0—20cm soil layer,the changes of microbial numbers,and enzyme activities of urease and invertase in wheat growth period resembled a U-shape when the enzyme activity of catalase kept rising;in 20—40cm soil layer,both the enzyme activity and microbial numbers kept rising.（6）Through comprehensive analysis,it is the best for the soil of the Chengdu plain to mix mushroom dregs with chemical fertilizer.