制造业部门的就业调整和收入分配变动:经验和启示

Employment Adjustment and Changes in Income Distribution in Manufacturing Sector:Experience and Inspiration

利用主要发达国家1970-2010年的制造业部门数据,分析了就业调整和收入分配变动间的关系。研究发现,制造业部门就业调整和收入分配变动之间的关系呈两种模式:一种是以美国和英国为代表,就业调整和劳动收入份额变动之间有较强的相关性;另一种是以日本和德国为代表,无论就业人数如何调整,劳动收入份额基本保持在相对稳定的状态,这两者之间没有明显的相关性。导致这种差异产生的主要原因是劳动市场管制程度的差异,在那些就业保护严格和集体谈判制度高覆盖的国家,就业调整对收入分配的影响较小,收入分配格局能保持在相对稳定的状态。中国制造业部门即将步入就业人数持续减少的调整期,由于就业保护制度的不严格和集体谈判制度的缺乏,制造业部门的收入分配格局将向资本方进一步倾斜。

By making use of the data of the manufacturing sector in the major developed countries during the period of 1970-2010,this paper makes an analysis of the relationship between employment adjustment and changes in income distribution.The findings reveal that there are two modes of relationship between employment adjustment and changes in income distribution in manufacturing sector：the first is represented by United States and Britain,which has a relatively stronger correlation between employment adjustment and the changes in the labor income share;the second is represented by Japan and Germany,there is no obvious correlation between them,the labor income share remains in a relatively stable state no matter how employment is adjusted.The main reason for the difference is the differences of the degree of labor market regulation.In countries with strict employment protection and high coverage of collective bargaining,employment adjustment has little effect on the income distribution,and the income distribution pattern can be kept in a relatively stable state.China＇ s manufacturing sector is going to enter the adjustment period of decreasing employment,the income distribution in the manufacturing sector will be further inclined favorably to the capital side due to the loose employment protection and the lack of collective bargaining.