奇卡娜诗学与《黄色女人》的文学阐释

The Chicana Poetics and Literary Interpretation of Yellow Woman

当代异质族群混杂而居的境况日益凸显,促使跨界研究日益成为文艺美学的重要领域。在当代欧美文学"批判性种族研究"领域,基于美国西南部"墨美"混杂族裔经验的"奇卡娜/奇卡诺"诗学,倡导边缘文化语境中后殖民批评和女性主义的混血意识,提供了迥异于西方本质主义主流理论的视野,丰富了文学阐释的空间。美国女性主义理论家安莎杜娃立足于"边界/荒界"的"新美斯媞莎"理论话语,有助于我们了解奇卡娜的问题框架。美国新墨西哥族裔的"黄色女人"故事群蕴含着印第安文化的"地方性知识"。奇卡娜文学批评家艾伦以"部落—女性主义"对其典型故事作了别开生面的释读。奇卡娜诗学凸显了文化混杂语境中文学批评的跨界价值与亚文化意义,富于理论启迪性。

The contemporary situation ofthe mixture for heterogeneous ethnic groups is increasingly prominent, and to promote that cross-border research has increasingly become an important field of literary aesthetics. In the 'critical race studies' of contemporary European-American literature, the poetics of 'Chicana/Chicano' based on the mixed experience of 'Mexican-American' ethnic groups in the southwest of U. S. has provided the vision, which differs from the mainstream theory of the Western essentialism, and enriched the space of literary interpretation by advocating the hybrid consciousness of postcolonial criticism and feminism in the context of marginal culture. American feminist critic Gloria Anzaldua's theory of 'New Mestiza', which based itself upon the 'Borderlands/La Frontera', would help us understand the problematics of Chicana, and examine feminist theory on the position of colored women and the cross-border ethnic identity of subculture. The Yellow Woman stories of ethnic groups in New Mexico imply the 'local knowledge' of Indian culture. American Chicana critic Paula Gunn Allen breaks a new path in her 'tribal-feminism' interpretation of a typical story 'Kochinnenako(Yellow Woman)' among them in her famous thesis 'Kochinnenako in Academe: Three Approaches to Interpreting a Keres Indian Tale'. The Chicana poetics highlights the Cross-border value and subcultural significance of literary criticism in the context of cultural hybridity. From the perspective of the combination of literary theory and literary critical practice, the interpretation of Chicana poetics in the United States is full of theoretical enlightenment.