大学生急救知识和院前急救技能掌握现状分析

An Analysis of the Mastering of First Aid Knowledge and Pre-hospital Care Skills of College Students

目的了解大学生对急救知识和院前急救技能的掌握情况。方法选取合肥师范学院2014-2015学年选修了《大学生健康教育》课程的168名大学生为调查对象,利用自制《意外伤害调查问卷》在《意外伤害与急救》课程授课前和授课后进行调查并对调查结果进行分析。结果授课前当面对意外伤害事件时,168名(100.00%)大学生会选择拨打120急救电话求助,其中35名(20.83%)大学生拨打完电话后,会离开现场;133名(79.17%)大学生在拨打完电话后,会在急救人员到现场之前安抚病人。授课前仅有27.38%的大学生在拨打120急救电话时,能提供现场伤员的病情,授课后比例(63.69%)明显提高,授课前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);授课后,大学生在拨打120急救电话时能告知意外伤害人数、有无意识丧失的伤员、有无大出血的伤员及有无骨折的伤员者比例明显高于授课前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。授课前知晓"运动挫伤后应制动冷敷、开水烫伤后应用流动清水冲患处20min、食物中毒应饮大量清水及催吐、心脏骤停应立即行心肺复苏、对骨折伤员处理应制动固定、对大出血伤口应先止血"的学生比例分别为12.50%(21人)、22.62%(38人)、8.93%(15人)、7.74%(13人)、25.00%(42人)和80.36%(135人),授课后学生对这几项急救处理知识的知晓率明显高于授课前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大学生通过普通网络、专题讲座、普通课程及课程加在线植入4种形式获取急救知识的比例分别为61.31%(103人)、64.29%(108人)、61.31%(103人)及84.52%(142人)。通过课程加在线植入形式学习急救知识的大学生,实际操作能力得到提升者比例(73.94%,105/142)明显高于其他3种教学形式。结论开设大学生意外伤害与急救课程,可提高大学生急救知识知晓率和院前急救技能。

Objective To investigate the mastering of first aid knowledge and pre-hospital care skills of college students.Methods 168 students from Hefei Normal College who took University Student Health Education course from 2014 to 2015were surveyed before and after lessons about Accidental Injuries and Care with selfmade Accidental Injuries Questionnaire.The results were analyzed.Results Before they took the lessons,168（100.00%）students chose to call 120 for help when they encountered accidents;among them,35（20.83%）students would leave the scene after the emergency call and 133（79.17%）would stay to reassure the injured until emergency workers arrived.Before their lessons,only 27.38% of the students could provide the state of the injured when calling 120 but the proportion increased to 63.69% after the lessons and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.After their lessons,the proportion of students who could provide the state of the injured about the number of injured people,whether the injured were conscious or not,whether the injured were heavy bleeding and whether there was fractured people when calling 120 was obviously higher than that of before the lessons and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Before the course,the proportions of knowing that ＂ contusion after exercise needs cold compresses,scald with boiling water needs20-minute washing with flowing water,food poisoned people should drink plenty of water and take emetic rescue,people with cardiac arrest need to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately,the fractured should be fixed,and people with heavy bleeding should stop the bleeding＂ were respectively 12.50%（21）,22.62%（38）,8.93%（15people）,7.74%（13）,25.00%（42）and 80.36%（135）,the proportions were higher after the course and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Students acquired first aid knowledge through Internet,seminars,courses and general courses plus online implant and the participation rates were61.31%（103）,64.29%（108）,61.31%（103）and 84.52%（142）.The rate of students who improved their emergency care skills through general courses plus online implant（73.94%,105/142）was significantly higher than the other three forms of learning.Conclusion The course about accidental injuries and first aids can improve college students′first aid knowledge and pre-hospital care skills.