2009—2013年烟台市职业病病例分析

Case Analysis of occupational diseases in Yantai City from 2009 to 2013

目的了解烟台市近5年职业病发病规律和特征,为制定职业病预防控制措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,将烟台市2009—2013年职业病报告卡数据导入Excel表格,并用Excel建立数据库,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2009—2013年烟台市合计报告新诊断职业病1 736例,其中尘肺病、职业性化学中毒、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病分别占80.8%、8.9%、7.0%;公有制企业占84.6%;大型、中型规模企业分别占42.8%、45.2%;尘肺病中以矽肺为主,占89.52%;职业性化学中毒以慢性中毒为主,占85.7%,其中以苯中毒最多;职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病主要是噪声聋,占95.9%;各类职业病主要发生在有色金属行业。结论烟台市职业病问题严峻,有色金属行业是该市防治职业病的重点监管对象,尘肺病的防治重点在大中型公有制企业,职业性化学中毒的防治重点在中型非公有制企业。矽尘、苯系物、噪声为重点职业病危害因素。

Objective To find out the characteristics of occupational diseases incidence in Yantai City in the last five years,and to provide a basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods According to China information system for diseases control and prevention,case reports of occupational diseases from 2009 to 2013in Yantai were imported into Excel worksheet and database was established by Excel software.The data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0software.Results From 2009to2013,1736 new cases with occupational diseases were reported in Yantai City.Among them,the proportion of pneumoconiosis,occupational poisoning and occupational diseases of ear,nose,throat,and oral were accounted for 80.8%,8.9% and 7.0% respectively.84.6% of the new cases was from the nation-owned enterprises,42.8% and 45.2% in the large and medium scale enterprises respectively.The silicosis cases were accounted for 89.52% of the total pneumoconiosis cases,and the chronic occupational poisoning cases for 85.7% of occupational poisoning cases,with the most number of benzolism.Noise-induced deafness cases were accounted for 95.9% of occupational diseases cases of ear,nose,throat and oral.All occupational diseases cases occurred mainly in the non-ferrous metals industry.Conclusions Occupational diseases are severe problems in Yantai City.The non-ferrous metals industry should be the supervision focus for prevention and control of occupational diseases.Control of pneumoconiosis should be focused on the large and medium scale nation-owned enterprises,and control of occupational poisoning be focused on medium scale non nation-owned enterprises.The main occupational hazard factors are siliceous dust,benzene homologues and noise in the city.