职业接触柴油机尾气作业人员外周血白细胞变化研究

Changes of peripheral blood leukocytes in workers exposed to occupational diesel engine exhaust

目的了解柴油机尾气对作业工人外周血白细胞的影响。方法采用血细胞自动分析计数和流式细胞分析法,对某柴油机生产企业接触柴油机尾气的46名作业人员(接触组)进行白细胞分类计数和淋巴细胞亚群检测,并与同一地区自来水生产厂等3家企业43名作业人员(对照组)比较。结果两组白细胞总数无明显差异,在分类计数中,接触组中性粒细胞比率[(53.4±8.4)%]低于对照组[(58.0±8.0)%],且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),淋巴细胞比率[(38.3±7.9)%]高于对照组[(33.9±7.3)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);接触组CD3+细胞、CD4+细胞和B细胞绝对数分别为(2 211.0±624.3)×106/L,(1 232.6±372.0)×106/L,(419.3±172.7)×106/L,均高于对照组(1 869±540.6)×106/L,(1 007.4±316.7)×106/L,(353.2±172.5)×106/L,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论职业接触柴油机尾气可能刺激机体产生免疫反应,其产生机制和相关病理效应需要做进一步的研究。

Objective To evaluate the influence of exposure to diesel engine exhaust（DEE）on peripheral blood leukocytes in occupational population. Methods The differential leukocyte count and lymphocyte subpopulation were determined by DEE-exposed automatic blood cell counter and flow cytometry method among 46 factory workers from a diesel engine manufacturing enterprise and 43 control workers from local water treatment plant and two other companies.Results There was no significant difference in the total leucocytes between two groups.The ratio of the neutrophilic granulocytes of the DEE-exposed group[（53.4±8.4）%]was significantly lower than that of the control group[（58.0±8.0）%]（P〈0.05）;but the lymphocyte ratio of the DEE-exposed group[（38.3±7.9）%]was significantly higher than that of the control group[（33.9±7.3）%]（P〈0.01）.The numbers of CD3＋T cells,CD4＋T cells and B cells were（2 211.0±624.3）×106/L,（1 232.6±372.0）×106/L and（419.3±172.7）×106/L,respectively in the DEE-exposed group,which all were significantly higher than the control group by the number of（1 869±540.6）×106/L,（1 007.4 ± 316.7）× 106/L and（353.2 ± 172.5）× 106/L,respectively（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）.Conclusions Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust may stimulate the immune response in exposed subjects,and its mechanism and related pathological effects need to be investigated further.