高海拔特殊作业环境下作业工人职业紧张状况及其影响因素

Occupational stress and its influential factors among workers in special work environment of plateau area

目的探讨高海拔特殊作业环境下作业工人的职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法以海拔2 850m的某石油加工企业作业人员为调查对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对636名技术工人和198名管理人员进行职业紧张状况调查,OSI-R量表由职业任务量表(ORQ)、紧张反应量表(PSQ)和应对资源量表(PRQ)组成。结果总量表和3个子量表的克朗巴赫α系数均大于0.8;技术工人组ORQ平均得分(155.38±22.85)高于管理人员组(147.57±20.73)(P<0.05),技术工人组PSQ平均得分(100.83±22.73)高于管理人员组(91.94±20.57)(P<0.05),技术工人组PSQ平均得分(124.63±19.25)低于管理人员组(128.84±16.88)(P<0.05)。PSQ与ORQ得分呈正相关关系(r=0.66,P<0.05),PSQ与PRQ得分呈负相关关系(r=-0.61,P<0.05)。技术工人组职业紧张反应的影响因素有(从强者弱)任务不适、任务界限、理性处事、休闲、社会支持、年龄、责任和工作环境,管理人员组职业紧张反应的影响因素(从强者弱)有任务界限、理性处事、任务不适、工作环境和任务过重。结论针对技术工人和管理人员的职业紧张影响因素,应采取特异性的健康促进和心理干预措施,以预防和缓解职业紧张。

Objective To assess occupational stress and its influential factors among workers in special work environment of plateau area.Methods The workers from X petroleum processing enterprises at an altitude of 2850 meters were selected.The occupational stress among 636 technical workers and 198 administrators was measured by Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised（OSI-R）,which included Occupational roles Questionnaire（ORQ）,Personal Strain Questionnaire（PSQ）and Personal Resources Questionnaire（PRQ）.Results Cronbach＇s alpha coefficients of OSI-R and its three sub-questionnaires such as ORQ,PSQ and PRQ were higher than 0.8.The average score of ORQ in technical workers group（155.38±22.85）was significantly higher than that in administrators group（147.57±20.73）（P〈0.05）,the average score of PSQ in technical workers group（100.83±22.73）was significantly higher than that in administrators group（91.94±20.57）（P〈0.05）,the average score of PRQ in technical workers group（124.63±19.25）was significantly lower than that in administrators group（128.84±16.88）（P〈0.05）.Stress response was positively correlated with occupational role（r=0.66,P〈0.05）,while negatively correlated with the personal cope resource（r=-0.61,P〈0.05）.The major influential factors of personal stress in technical workers group were（from strong to weak in order）role insufficiency,role boundary,rational coping,recreation,social support,age,responsibility and physical environment.The major influential factors of personal stress in administrators group were（from strong to weak in order）role boundary,rational coping,role insufficiency,physical environment and role overload.Conclusions Some measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress by specific influential factors for technical workers group and administrators group.