中美制度竞争分析——以“一带一路”为例

Institutional Competition Between China and the United States:The Case of the “One Belt,One Road” Initiative

国际制度竞争是当前各国间竞争的一种重要形式,这种竞争主要体现在两个方面:一是在现有国际制度内部对于制度主导权的竞争,二是不同国际制度之间在主导国际事务方面的竞争。美国作为当前国际体系中的霸权国,其对于世界事务的主导很大程度上是通过支配现有的国际制度来实现的,即它的霸权在很大程度上是一种"制度性霸权"。但随着全球金融危机的爆发以及中国等新兴国家的崛起,美国的这种制度性霸权受到了挑战。中国等国家一方面要求在现有的国际制度中增加话语权,另一方面也尝试建立新的国际制度。作为一种多边合作框架,"一带一路"战略在一定程度上推动了中美两国间的制度竞争,同时也是中国尝试建立新的国际制度的努力。亚洲基础设施投资银行作为"一带一路"的重要支点,也对现有的多边开发银行构成了挑战。因此,妥善应对和处理与美国的制度竞争,是推进"一带一路"所必须面对的现实。

International institutional competition is an important means of contemporary interstate competition.Such competition manifests in two ways:first is competition within international institutions around the authority to set rules;second is competition between international institutions over the authority to determine outcomes of international affairs.As the hegemonic state within the contemporary international system,America's leadership authority over global affairs manifests itself primarily through its maintenance of existing international institutions-in other words,to a great extent America's hegemonic position might be considered an 'institutional hegemony'.However,global financial crisis and the rise of emerging powers such as China represent a significant challenge to America's institutional hegemony.China and other states have demanded a stronger voice within existing international institutions,while at the same time also attempting to establish new international institutions.As a framework for multilateral cooperation,the'One Belt,One Road'Initiative has,to an extent,prompted institutional competition between China and the United States.At the same time,it also represents an effort by China to attempt to build a new international institution.As a strong source of support for the 'One Belt,One Road',the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB)also represents a challenge to existing multilateral development finance institutions.In conclusion,properly responding to and managing institutional competition with the United States is critical for China in termsof advancing the'One Belt,One Road'.