横向学术治理与纵向行政约束的博弈——俄罗斯大学治理模式变革案例分析

Too Weak Academic Governance or Too Strong Vertical Control?——Case of Russian University

俄罗斯大学的治理模式在很大程度上是由大学与国家(政府)之间的关系类型决定的,同时也受大学内部运行的机构要素制约。俄罗斯的高等教育系统存在较强的纵向(行政)控制和较弱的横向(学术)控制。这种权力分配在很大程度上是由国家学术市场的衰弱和机构之间教职流动性低造成的。在过去十年里,传统以教席主导教学为核心的治理模式伴随着许多支持教职参与研究政策的出现而悄然发生改变。以国立研究大学经济学高级学院为例,该校近来实施了基于学术治理的新的控制和分配机制的变革,着力摆脱传统的低效率治理模式。

In this paper we discuss the main characteristics of university governance model that is prevalent in Russian universities and discuss patterns of power distribution between universities and the State as well as between different actors and structures within universities. In particular, we explain sources and consequences of dominance of vertical administrative control in HE institutions in Russia and also pay attention to the reasons for relative weaknesses of academic control of horizontal type. We consider an example of National Research University Higher School of Economics where major reform of governance model has been implemented recently.We explain the main rationale and challenges of this reform and the role of academic culture in the speed and path of implementation of new control and distribution mechanisms based to larger extent on academic governance. Using this example as a starting point, we also discuss changes that are necessary to implement in those universities who want to be world-class ones.