司法体制改革的宪法学评估

Comment on the Reform of Judicial System from the Perspectives of Constitution

本文从宪法学的基本原理出发,首先分析了支撑目前司法体制改革的指导性文件和操作性文件中对宪法的关注度,通过各项司法体制改革措施与宪法文本规定的关联性来判定司法体制改革对宪法权威的关注度,得出了宏观上的重视与微观上的缺少并举的结论。本文还从考察我国宪法文本与司法之间历史和逻辑关系出发,论证了司法目前还缺少必要的宪法文本的支持,还没有形成强有力的宪法依据。基于我国现行宪法所确立的人民代表大会制度的法律特征,作者也排除了司法权作为具有独立学术价值的宪法学术语的可能性,进而也不存在目前政策上所倡导的"司法权属于中央事权"的观点。与此同时,作者在分析司法体制改革与宪法之间相关性比较薄弱的基础上,提出了以"宪法+所有具体法治工作"的实践模式来增强司法体制改革的合宪性,并最终推动"司法入宪",使得司法制度成为我国现行宪法所确立的一项基本国家制度,从而为司法体制改革确立一个最终发展的制度化方向。

Based on the fundamental principles of constitution,this paper analyzes the concern with constitution in the guiding and operational documents underlying the on- going reform of judicial system,and judges the degree of concern through relevance,drawing a conclusion that emphasis is given at the macro level but measures are insufficient at the micro level. It also illustrates a lack of strong constitutional foundation in justice in terms of the historic and logical relationship between documents and justice. As for China＇s people＇s congress system,the author excludes the possibility of judicial power as a constitutional term of independent academic value and the viewpoint of ＂judicial power belongs to the Central Government＂. The author proposes the practical model of＂constitution ＋ all specific legal work＂,as a means of increasing the constitutionality of reform of judicial system,in an attempt to materialize ＂justice included in constitution＂and make judicial system a fundamental state institution. In this way,the reform of judicial system can go ahead institutionalized.