青年马克思与反犹主义的思想关系新探——重新思考《论犹太人问题》与反犹主义的关系

On the Thought Relationship between Young Marx and Anti-Semitism——A New Study on the Relationship between “on the Jewish Question” and Anti-Semitism

《论犹太人问题》并不是反犹主义的文献,马克思也不是反犹主义者。尽管马克思对"犹太人"和"犹太精神"提出了严厉的批判,但是马克思批判的并不是犹太人的宗教信仰,而是犹太人生活于其中的"市民社会"。"市民社会"中以发财致富为最高目标的"犹太精神"是控制着庞大商业帝国的犹太人遭受迫害的根本原因,《论犹太人问题》提出了变革市民社会的要求,是犹太人唯一可以期待的尘世的"福音书"。

＂On the Jewish Question＂is not an Anti-Semitism paper,and Karl Marx was not Anti-Semite,either. What Marx criticized in this paper is not the religious belief of Jews but their＂civil society＂,where＂Judentum＂led to their ultimate goal of making fortunes and to the persecution on those who have controlled a huge business world. In other words,Marx did not criticize ＂the Sabbath Jew＂whose essence was religious belief,but ＂the private individual＂whose supreme pursuit was his or her＂self-interest＂. ＂On the Jewish Question＂proposed the reform of the＂civil society＂,and it is the only ＂Gospal＂that Jewish people can rely on.