从思想到学术:20世纪阳明学研究的流变与走向

From Thought to Scholar: The Tendency and Change about Yangming School Studies

综观百年的阳明学研究,大致经历了"思想意识形态"、"复苏转型"及"纯学术"三个流变时期。上世纪80年代之前的王阳明研究,不管是民国时期的维新革命派、国粹派、现代新儒家的研究,还是日本二战前后的研究,乃至建国后至上世纪80年代间大陆学界马克思主义视域中的阳明学研究,都具有强烈的政治社会关怀和意识形态色彩,研究者满怀"宏大叙事"和思想抱负,阳明学术研究承载并服务于此种"思想观念"。可以说,当时的阳明学研究史就是一段思想观念史。这种形态的研究,到"文革"时期走向极端,最终以主观的"思想意识"取代客观的学术研究,导致教条主义和"标签化"。上世纪80年代之后,大陆学界力图挣脱教条主义和"标签化"思维,阳明学研究开始"复苏转型";上世纪90年代之后走向客观的学术研究,阳明学研究走向繁荣。

Yangming school studies have experienced three periods including ideology,recovery transformation,and pure scholarship during one hundred years. Before 1980,scholars of different backgrounds have a strong ideological color in the process of Yangming school studies. It can be said that the history of Yangming study is a history of ideas,and the study of this formed the extremes during the Cultural Revolution. After 1980,the Mainland scholars of China tried to get rid of the dogmatism and the ＂label＂thinking,so Yangming school studies gradually start to recover transformation. After 1990,it tends to purify academic research and enter the period of prosperity.