明代戏剧唱词“含彩词语”的语义研究

The Semantic Approach to “Words with Color Term” in Ming Dynasty's Librettos

"含彩词语"的语义整合有两种类型:(1)保留颜色义。这类"含彩词语"指"某色之某物",是其组成成分字面意义的简单相加。(2)未保留颜色义。这类"含彩词语"指与"某色之某物"有语义关联的事物,在转喻、隐喻、社会文化赋予机制的作用下其颜色义隐退。明代戏剧唱词中的未保留颜色义"含彩词语"数量众多,情况复杂,分析出其中颜色词的使用理据,是理解其整体意义的关键。

From our point of view, ＂words with color term＂ are the combination of color term（morpheme） expressing color meaning and color term（morpheme） without expressing color meaning. We can differentiate two kinds of ＂words with color Term＂： the one expressing color meaning, the other one without expressing color meaning. As a result there are two kinds of semantic integration processes as well： the first one whose whole meaning is the sum of its parts, referring to ＂the thing with its own color＂; the latter one whose whole meaning is something with certain semantic correlation with ＂the thing with its own color＂in certain context. The reason for the semantics richness of the latter one is owe to the mechanism of metonymy, metaphor and social culture, meanwhile its color meaning gradually fades away. The latter kind of ＂words with color term＂ in Ming Dynasty＇s librettos is significant both in quantity and condition. The key for understanding both two kinds of ＂words with color term＂ is to analyze color term＇s usage motivation.