唐宋古文运动复古实质初探

Preliminary Discussion on the Essence of Ancient Prose Movement in Tang and Song Dynasties

一、唐宋古文运动是复古而不是革新。其领袖不仅大张复古的旗帜 ,而且十分忌讳“新变” ,不可能为革新。唐宋古文运动伴随当时复兴儒学的思想运动 ,摧毁了魏晋以后新生的尊重人的个性的玄学 ,独尊了复古的儒学 ,不能为革新。古文对骈文的胜利乃文言战胜口语 ,古代句法、词汇战胜时下流行的语汇 ,只能为复古。二、唐宋古文运动是对魏晋南北朝文学“自觉时代”的反动和倒退。 1 终止了魏晋以来未能完成的“文笔之辨” ,使文学观念趋向模糊 ;2 贬低文学 ,使魏晋时几乎独立的文学 ,又成儒道的附庸和工具 ;3 从“化成天下”角度论文 。

I.The ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties was a return to the ancients instead of reformation.The leaders of the movement not only raised the banner of returning to the ancients,but also abstained from 'new reform',thus it could not be a reform.The ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties accompanied the trend of thoughts to revive Confucianism,and it destroyed the individual respect metaphysics appeared after Wei and Jin Dynasties,leaving Confucianism only,so it could not be a reform.The victory of rhythmical prose style was that of classical Chinese over oral style,and that of ancient sentence patterns and vocabulary over current ones,therefore it could only be a return to the ancients.II.The ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties was a reaction and retrogress comparing to the literature of 'self conscious age' in Wei and Jin Dynasties.1.It terminated the uncompleted 'style distinguish' since Wei and Jin Dynasties,to make literature concept indistinct; 2.It debased literature to make the almost independent literature in Wei and Jin Dynasties become a dependent tool on Confucianism and Taoism; 3.It criticized literature works from the angle of 'political reign' to blur the concept of literature.