出口与企业生产率:基于中国经验的再思考

Export and Enterprise Productivity: Reconsideration Based on China's Current Situation

出口到底给中国企业生产率带来何种作用效应,既有文献的结论存在诸多矛盾之处。在着重考虑已有文献并未考虑到的企业TFP测算方法、企业进口以及出口贸易方式这3个方面因素的基础上,本文重新检验出口对中国企业生产率的作用效应,结果发现:除了纯加工贸易类型企业外,中国制造业企业的出口行为仍呈现自我选择效应;从新进入出口市场企业的角度来看,中国企业的出口活动中存在显著的"出口中学习"效应,这为出口对中国企业生产率所具有的促进效应提供了支持证据;从出口密集度的角度来看,企业的出口活动中存在"生产率损失"或"生产率抑制"效应,这又反映出口对中国企业生产率可能具有的负面效应。本文的检验结果及其解释,为理解出口对中国企业生产率的作用效应、判断出口对中国经济发展的综合作用效应提供了更为合理的微观经验证据。

There are many contradictions about what kind of effect the export has on the productivity of Chinese enterprises in the conclusion of the literature. In focus on three factors including enterprise TFP calculating methods, enterprise import and export trade mode which the literature did not consider, this paper retests the effect of export on the productivity of Chinese enterprises. The results show that in addition to the pure processing trade enterprises, the behavior of export manufacturing enterprises is still showing self-selection effect; from the perspective of new entrants to the export market, Chinese enterprises have significant ＂learning by exporting＂ effect, which provides support and evidence for the promotion effect the export has on the productivity of Chinese enterprises; from the perspective of export intensity, the effect of ＂productivity loss＂ or ＂productivity suppression＂ exists on the exporters＇ activities. This also reflects the possible negative effect the export has on Chinese enterprise productivity. In this paper, the results of the test and its interpretation provide more reasonable micro empirical evidence, in order to understand the effect of export on the productivity of Chinese enterprises and the comprehensive effect of export on China＇s economic development,.