论意思表示错误的法律行为之效力

Effects of Legal Acts in Which the Declaration of the Intent is Wrong

意思表示作为法律行为之本质属性,是决定法律行为效力的根本因素。当意思表示主观层面的效果意思或客观层面的外部表示出现错误时,其对相应法律行为之效力会产生一定的影响。传统民法中有规定意思表示错误的法律行为之效力为可撤销,有规定其为无效,实务中还有通过意思表示解释得出其依然有效的结论。为了平衡法律行为双方当事人的利益,保护交易安全,我国未来民法典宜原则上规定意思表示错误的法律行为之效力为可撤销,同时明确意思表示解释在判断其效力上的优先性。

Declaration of the intent, the essential attribute of legal acts, determines the effectiveness of legal act as a fundamental factor. When there is an error in effect meaning or external expression of the declaration of the intent, the effect of corresponding legal acts will therefore produce certain effect. With regard to the effect of legal acts of wrongly expressed meaning, the traditional civil law has a regulation that it is revocable or invalid. In addition, it is considered effective occasionally by interpretation of declaration of intent. In order to balance the interests of the parties of legal acts and protect the safety of transactions, our future civil code should in principle rules that the effect of legal acts of wrongly expressed meaning is revocable, meanwhile, we ensure that the civil code prioritizes the interpretation of declaration of intent to judge its effectiveness.