论创客教育与创新教育

On Maker Education and Innovation Education

关于创客教育的理解,我国学者和西方学者之间既有共性也有所不同。其共性是,强调"在创造中学习"或"基于创造的学习",认为这是学习者真正需要的学习方式;主张创客教育的实施方式和基于项目的学习,要以一个特定的任务为中心,使学生能在完成任务的过程中进行学习,从而培养学生解决实际问题的能力;倡导在创客教育实施过程中通过协作、交流与共享深化对知识的意义建构;特别关注要培养学生的动手能力和解决实际问题的能力。西方学者心目中的创客教育,是要把青少年培养成能利用各种技术手段与方法把创意转化成实体作品的创客人才;而我国学者心目中的创客教育,则是要把青少年培养成具有创新意识、创新思维和创新能力的创新人才。为了能正确地倡导与实施具有中国特色的创客教育,应当从如何培养与落实创新人才必须具有的创新意识、创新思维和创新能力等三方面素质入手,去努力探索。

Regarding the understanding of maker education, there are both similarity and difference between Chinese scholars and western scholars. Its similarity is that both of them emphasize the learning in creation or learning based on creation, taking for the real required way of learning for the learners ; both of them advocate that the mode of execution of maker education is similar with the project-based learning, centered on a specific task, making students learn through the course of implementation of maker education so as to cultivate students＇ ability of operation and practical problems solving; both of them initiate that the meaning construction of knowledge shall be deepened through teamwork, communication and sharing in the course of maker education execution ; both of them pay special attention to cultivating students＇ spirit of craftsman featuring creation, keeping improving and advocating technology. Maker education in the eyes of western scholars is to cultivate the teenagers into maker talents capable of utilizing all kinds of technical means to transform originality into entity works; while maker education in the eyes of the Chinese scholars is to cuhivate the teenagers into the innovative talents with innovative cor/sciousness, innovative way of thinking and innovative capability. To properly advocate and carry out maker education with Chinese characteristics, we should focus on the quality cultivation of innovative consciousness, thinking and ability.