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WTO“免费通行”现象研究 被引量：3

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摘要 WTO主要创新之一是其对违反的制裁反应。在实践中,由于WTO救济不具有回溯性,以及违反与不遵守裁决及授权实施反措施之间存在时间迟延,违约方可很方便或机会主义地长时间收获不遵守的利益而不必面对任何后果。这个救济缺口使被申诉方没有理由在司法程序结束前解决争端,并可能导致受挫的申诉方在法律框架之外行动而破坏争端解决机制。但是,WTO救济中"免费通行"的制度根源在于其允许某一成员"逃避"WTO纪律,只要其愿意在可能的报复方面付出"代价"。照此,弱救济有助于促进体现WTO整体效用的有效违约,为政治输入提供重要的空间和为行使国家主权提供更多机会。在WTO诉讼中最有经验的当事方可将救济缺口当成剑和盾牌,并成为其最大的受益方和最小受害者。
作者 韩逸畴
机构地区 华东政法大学科学研究院
出处 《当代法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第3期138-148,共11页 Contemporary Law Review
关键词 WTO救济 救济缺口 免费通行 时间迟延 安全阀
分类号 D996.1 [政治法律—经济法学]
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参考文献45

  • 1Geraldo Vidigal, "Re- Assessing WTO Remedies: The Prospective and the Retrospective", 16 Journal of International Eco- nomic Law 505 -534 (2013).
  • 2United States - Section 129 (c) ( 1 ) of the Uru-guay Round Agreements Act, Report of the Panel, WT/DS221/R, 15 July 2002, para. 3.41.
  • 3Note: " (In) Efficient Breach of International Trade Law: The State of the ' Free Pass' After China's Rare Earths Export Embar- go", 125 Harvard Law Review 602 -625 (2011) .
  • 4Joost Pauwelyn, "Enforcement and Countermeasures in the WTO: Rules Are Rules - Toward a More Collective Approach", 94 American Journal of International Law 335, 342 -345 (2000) .
  • 5William J. Davey, "Sanctions in the WTO: Problems and Solutions", in Chad P. Bown, Joost Pauwelyn (eds.), The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 365.
  • 6Jacques H.J. Bourgeois, "Sanctions and Countermeasures: Do the Remedies Make Sense? ", in Dencho Georgiev, Kim van der Borght ( eds. ), Reform and Development of the WTO Dispute Settlement System, Cameron May, 2006, p. 42.
  • 7W. Schwartz and A. Sykes, "The Economic Structure of Renegotiation and Dispute Resolution in the World Trade Organiza- tion", 31 The Journal of Legal Studies 179, 192 (2002) .
  • 8Rachel Brewster, "The Remedy Gap: Institutional Design, Retaliation, and Trade Law Enforcement", 80 The George Wash- ington Law Review 102 - 158 (2011) .
  • 9Xiaoling Li, Yusong Chen, "Constraints of the WTO Compensation Mechanism and Implications from Recent Practice", 49 Journal of World Trade 643 - 663 (2015).
  • 10Marco Bronckers & Naboth van den Brock, "Financial Compensation in the WTO Improving the Remedies of WTO Dispute Settlement", 8 Journal of International Economic Law 109 - 110 (2005).

二级参考文献35

  • 1Mark J. Valencia. A political maelstrom in the South China Sea [ EB/OL]. [ 2014 - 5 - 18]. http ://www. japantimes, co. jp/o- pinion/2013/08/15/commentary/world - commentary/a - political - maelstrom - in - the - south - china - sea/.
  • 2David Cameron. UK could drift towards EU exit [EB/OL]. [2012 - 3 - 11]. http://www, bbc. co. uk/news/uk - politics - 21076219.
  • 3US loses Unesco voting,rights after stopping funds over Palestine decision [ EB/OL ]. [ 2013 - 11 - 23]. http ://www. theguard- ian. corn/world/2013/nov/08/us - unesco - voting - funds - palestine - decision.
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  • 5Laurence R. Heifer. Flexibility in International Agreements [ M ]//. Jeffrey Dunoff, Mark A. Pollack. International Law and International Relations : Introducing an Interdisciplinary. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2012 : 185.
  • 6J. H. H. Weiler. The Transformation of Europe[J] Yale Law Journal, 1991, 100(8) :2411.
  • 7Eric A. Posner, Alan O. Sykes. E:cient Breach of International Law: Optimal Remedies, "Legalized Noncompliance," and Related Issues[ R]. U of Chicago Law & Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 546; Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 409, 2011.
  • 8Laurence R. Heifer. Terminating Treaties[M]// Duncan Hollis. The Oxford Guide to Treaties. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012:634.
  • 9Neomi Rao. Public Choice and International Law Compliance: The Executive Branch is a They," Not an It'[ J ]. Minnesota Law Review, 2012, 96(1 ):260.
  • 10[美]阿尔伯特·0·赫希曼.退出、呼吁与忠诚-对企业、组织和国家衰退的回应[M].卢昌崇,译.北京:经济科学出版社,2001.

共引文献17

同被引文献20

引证文献3

二级引证文献3

当代法学
2016年 第3期

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