要素市场扭曲加剧了环境污染吗——基于省级工业行业空间动态面板数据的分析

Does the Factor Market Distortion Aggravate the Environmental Pollution?——Based on the Provincial Industrial Spatial Dynamic Panel Data

本文构建空间动态面板模型,运用空间纠正系统GMM法实证发现要素市场扭曲和环境污染均存在空间自相关,环境污染存在空间溢出效应;要素市场扭曲程度越高,环境污染越严重,要素市场扭曲延迟了经济规模和行业结构与环境污染成倒U型的临界点的到来,不利于环境质量改善;分区域和分行业类型,要素市场扭曲均加剧了三大地区和三类行业环境污染,但要素市场扭曲对东部地区和技术密集型行业的环境污染影响最小,要素市场扭曲通过抑制技术进步、行业结构升级、能源效率提升和加剧腐败提高了东部地区和技术密集型行业的环境污染程度,通过影响经济规模、增加出口、吸引外资减少了东部地区和技术密集型行业的环境污染,而要素市场扭曲通过上述渠道导致中西部地区、劳动密集型行业和资本密集型行业的环境污染日益严重。据此,需推进要素市场的市场化进程,改善环境质量。

Based on the spatial dynamic panel model and spatial correction system GMM, this paper finds that both the factor market distortion and environmental pollution have spatial auto-correlation, and the environmental pollution has spatial spillover effect; the higher the degree of factor market distortion is, the more severe the environmental pollution is; the distortion of factor market delays the critical point of inverted U-shape between economic scale, industrial structure and environmental pollution, which does harm to improvement of environmental quality. The factor market distortion has exacerbated environmental pollution of three regions and three kinds of industries in regional and industrial levels. The distortion exerts the least influence on the environmental pollution of eastern area and technology-intensive industry. The factor market distortion has exacerbated the environmental pollution of eastern region and technology-intensive industry by inhibiting technological progress, industrial structure upgrading, energy efficiency, and promoting corruption, while it can also reduce the environmental pollution by increasing export and introducing foreign capital. The factor market distortion has increasingly exacerbated the environmental pollution of central and western areas, labor-intensive industry and capital-intensive industry. Accordingly, this paper holds that it is essential to promote the marketization of factor market so as to improve the environmental quality.