海南梧桐种子萌发及插条扦插繁殖试验

Seed germination and cutting propagation of Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm

【目的】开展海南梧桐种子萌发及插条扦插繁殖试验,为海南梧桐繁殖体系构建及其开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】采用完全随机试验设计,以物理破损（去除种皮1/5和划破种皮）和化学激素（NAA、GA3溶液）浸泡处理海南梧桐种子,分析其种子萌发效果;并通过扦插试验,研究扦插基质（砂、砂＋椰糠、园土）、生根粉（ABT：0、1000.00、1500.00 mg/L）及插条穗龄（当年生、1～2年生、3～4年生）对海南梧桐枝条扦插成活率的影响。【结果】物理破损及化学激素浸泡法处理均可提高海南梧桐种子发芽率,其中物理破损处理的海南梧桐种子发芽率达90.60%～91.70%,显著高于其他处理（P〈0.05,下同）。扦插试验结果表明,影响海南梧桐扦插成活率的3个因素（扦插基质、ABT质量浓度、插条穗龄）,其主效应极显著（P〈0.01）;在二维互作中,基质×ABT互作效应显著,基质×插条穗龄、ABT×插条穗龄互作效应不显著（P〉0.05,下同）;在三维互作基质×ABT×插条穗龄中,交互效应不显著。各因素对海南梧桐扦插成活率影响的排序为插条穗龄（F=21.85）〉ABT质量浓度（F=11.05）〉基质种类（F=9.45）〉基质×ABT（F=2.85）。最适扦插组合为：砂＋ABT（1500.00 mg/L）＋1～2年生插条,扦插成活率达20.00%。【结论】对海南梧桐种子进行物理破损或激素浸泡软化处理均可促进其萌发;1～2年生枝条经1500.00 mg/L ABT浸泡12 h扦插于砂基质中最有利于其生根成活。

[Objective]The seed germination and cutting propagation of endangered plants Firmiana hainauensis Kosterm were studied, in order to provide a theoretical basis for construction of reproductive system and further develop- ment of F. hainauensis. [ Method ] According to completely randomized experimental design, F. hainanensis seeds were damaged by removing 1/5 seed coat and cutting seed coat or soaked in hormones（NAA, GA3 solution）, using seeds with complete coat and seeds soaked in water as control（CK）. Then the effect of physical damage and chemical hormone soak- ing on seed germination was analyzed. Meanwhile, the influences of cutting substrate（sand, sand＋coconut husk, gar- den soil）, rooting powder concentration（ABT：0, 1000.00, 1500.00 mg/L） and cutting age（birth year, 1-2 years old, 3-4 years old） on survival rate of cutting branches were studied by cuttage. [Result]The results showed that, the physi- cal damage and chemical hormone soaking both could improve germination rate of F. hainancnsis seeds. The seed germi- nation rare after physical damage reached up to 90.60%-91.70%, significantly higher than those after other treatments （P〈0.05, the same below）. Cutting test results showed that, the three factors affecting survive rate of F. hainanensis cut- ting were matrix, ABT concentration and cutting age, and their main effects were extremely significant（P〈0.01 ）. In the two-dimensional interaction, the interaction effect between substrate and ABT concentration was significant, but the in- teraction effect of substratexABT concentration was not significant（P〉0.05）. In the three-dimensional interaction, the in- teraction effect of substratexABT concentrationxcutting age were not significant. The order of various factors affecting sur- vival rate was cuttings age （F=21.85 ） 〉ABT concentration （F= 11.05 ） 〉substrate variety （ F=9.45 ） 〉substrate x ABT concen- tration （F=2.85）. The optimum combination was sand＋ABT（ 1500.00 mg/L）＋1-2 years old cuttings, with cutting survival rate of 20.00%. [ Conclusion]The germination rate of F. hainanensis is improved by physical damage and chemical hormone immersion. Moreover, F. hainanensis 1-2 years old cuttings after being soaked in 1500.00 mg/L ABT for 12 h have higher rooting and survival rate.