春性和半冬性小麦氮效率差异的群体特征比较

Comparison on the Population Characteristics with Different Nitrogen Efficiency between Semi-winterness and Springness Wheat

为了解小麦群体结构特征与氮利用效率的相关性,以江苏省推介使用的6个半冬性小麦品种和9个春性小麦品种为材料,研究两类型小麦间群体特征及氮利用效率的差异。结果表明,在施氮量相同时,半冬性小麦群体植株平均干物质积累量、叶面积指数在生育前期低于春性小麦,生育后期高于春性小麦,茎蘖数在全生育期均高于春性小麦,平均花后干物质积累量、总结实粒数、粒叶比均高于春性小麦。同一类型小麦中不同品种间群体干物质积累量、总结实粒数也存在显著差异;同一类型小麦各品种花后干物质积累量、茎蘖成穗率、总结实粒数、粒叶比与产量均呈显著或极显著线性正相关,叶面积指数下降速率与产量呈线性负相关。半冬性和春性小麦花后干物质积累量、总结实粒数与氮肥生产效率(NGPE)呈显著或极显著正相关;春性小麦的粒叶比与NGPE呈显著或极显著正相关,叶面积指数下降速率与NGPE呈显著或极显著负相关,茎蘖成穗率与氮肥吸收效率(NUEa)呈显著或极显著正相关;半冬性小麦粒叶比与氮肥农学效率(NAE)呈显著正相关。花后干物质积累量、总结实粒数是两种类型小麦群体NGPE的共性调控特征表现,粒叶比可作为春性小麦NGPE、半冬性小麦NAE差异的评价指标,茎蘖成穗率可作为春性小麦NUEa的调控指标。

Six semi-winterness wheat varieties and nine springness wheat varieties were planted in Jian- gsu region as experiment materials. A field experiment was conducted to investigate differences in pop- ulation characteristics of semi-winterness wheat and springness wheat varieties. The results indicated that the average of dry matter accumulation amount and LAI for semi-winterness wheat population were lower than those of springness wheat population at early growth stage, but were higher at late growth stage. The average of dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis, total grains and grain-leaf ratio of semi-winterness wheat were higher than those of springness wheat population. Among the same type of semi-winterness or springness wheat varieties, there were significant differences in dry matter accumulation amount and total grains. Moreover,grain yield was significantly positively corre-lated to dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis,total grains, grain-leaf ratio,earing percentage of main stems and tillers,but negatively correlated with the reduced rate of LAI. Dry matter accumula- tion amount after anthesis and total grains in semi-winterness or springness wheat were significantly positively correlated to nitrogen grain production efficiency （NGPE）. NGPE of springness wheat was positively correlated with grain-leaf ratio, but was negatively correlated with the reduced rate of LAI, and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer （NAE） was positively correlated with earing percentage of main stems and tillers. Grain-leaf ratio in semi-winterness wheat was positively correlated with NAE. In summary, dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis and total grains were the regulation char- acteristics of NGPE for both wheat types, and grain-leaf ratio was the evaluation indicators for the NGPE difference of springness wheat and for the NAE of semi-winterness wheat, and the earing per- centage of main stems and tillers was the regulation indicator for the NUEa of springness wheat.