两类发育特性小麦品种氮代谢生理差异分析

Difference Analysis on Nitrogen Metabolism Physiology of Two Wheat Varieties with Different Development Characteristics

为提高小麦氮素利用效率,实现节氮增产,采用大田试验方法,以弱春性小麦品种‘矮早8’和‘洛麦24’及半冬性小麦品种‘中原6号’和‘周麦26’为材料,分析2类品种在供氮0kg·hm^(-2)(N0)、120kg·hm^(-2)(N120)和225kg·hm^(-2)(N225)3个水平下氮代谢特征及籽粒产量与品质的差异。结果表明,不同供氮水平下,除籽粒蛋白质外,叶片及籽粒的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、游离氨基酸及可溶性蛋白质质量分数、产量、氮收获指数、植株氮素利用率、氮肥偏生产力等均表现为半冬性显著高于弱春性品种。增加供氮量后,2类品种叶片和籽粒的GS活性、游离氨基酸及可溶性蛋白质质量分数、产量、籽粒蛋白质质量分数、氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力均增加,而植株氮素利用率降低。但2类品种对供氮水平响应不同,与N0相比,增加供氮量,半冬性品种籽粒中GS活性、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质质量分数和氮收获指数的增加幅度均显著高于弱春性品种,但叶片中GS活性、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质质量分数及氮肥偏生产力的增幅则显著低于弱春性品种;植株氮素利用率降幅以弱春性品种显著高于半冬性品种。因此,半冬性品种氮素同化、转运及供应能力和产量显著高于弱春性品种,增加供氮量,对其氮代谢能力促进作用显著。

Purpose of the experiment is to improve nitrogen use efficiency in wheat, to efficiently use nitrogen to save nitrogen and increase grain yield,We took ＇Aizao 8＇＇Luomai 24＇（weak spring wheat and ＇Zhongyuan 6＂Zhoumai 26＇（semi-winter wheat） as objects, and analyzed the differences of grain yield, grain protein mass fraction and nitrogen metabolism in wheat cuhivars with different development characteristics at nitrogen level of 0 kg · hm^-2（NO）, 120 kg · hm^-2 （N120） and 225· hm^-2 （N225）. The results showed that except for grain protein mass fraction, GS activity, free amino acids and soluble protein mass fraction in leaves and grains, yield, NHI, NUTE, PEPN of semi-winter varieties were significantly higher than that of weak spring varieties under differnet nito gen levels . GS activity, free amino acids and soluble protein mass fraction in leaves and grains, yield, NHI, PEPN increased with the increase of nitrogen level, but the NUTE reduced. Two varieties had different effects on nitrogen levels. Compared with NO, the growing rate of GS activity, free amino acids and soluble protein mass fraction in grain and NHI of semi winter varieties were significantly higher than that of weak spring varieties, however, the growing rate of GS activity, free amino acids and soluble protein mass fraction in leaves and PEPN of semi-winter varieties were significantly lower than that of weak spring varieties; the decreasing range of NUTE of weak spring varieties were significantly higher than that of semi-winter varieties. Therefore, yield and nitrogen assimilation, transport and supply capacity of semi-winter varieties are significantly higher than the weak spring varieties, so increasing supply of nitrogen, can significantly promote nitrogen metabolism ability of semi winter varieties.