氮磷配比覆膜黑豆花后干物质积累与转运特性

Accumulation and Transportation Characteristics of Dry Matter after Anthesis under Different Ratios of N and P Fertilizer Amount of Black Bean by Plastic Film Mulching

为了探明不同氮磷配比下覆膜黑豆花后干物质的积累与转运特性,揭示黑豆产量形成的内部生理机制,以‘连枷条’黑豆品种为材料,对开花至成熟期间植株主茎叶、分枝叶、主茎杆、分枝秆及豆荚等地上部各器官的干物质积累、分配和转运进行研究。结果表明,黑豆开花后,地上部干物质的积累量呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,籽粒干物质在开花初期增质量较慢,后期快速增加,呈近"S"型的增长趋势;黑豆植株干物质在各器官中的分配随生长中心的转变发生变化,而后又随着籽粒的灌浆将茎叶中储备的同化物不同程度地转移到生殖器官中,主茎叶对黑豆籽粒充实的贡献最大。不同氮磷配比下黑豆地上部干物质的积累、分配和转运差异显著,N2P0和N1P3处理下的黑豆地上部干物质积累速率、籽粒积累速率以及干物质在主茎叶中的分配比例和转运率明显较同一时期其余4组处理高。综合分析表明,开花结荚期是黑豆籽粒产量形成的关键时期,主茎叶是籽粒充实的主"源",合理的氮磷配比是提高黑豆植株干物质"源"器官积累能力、促进干物质向"库"器官转运从而获得高产的关键。

To study the accumulation and transportation characteristics of dry matter after anthesis under different ratios of N and P fertilizer amount of black bean, and reveal the internal physiological mechanism of yield of black beans, investigat the accumulation, distribution and transportation characteristics of dry matter of the above-ground organs including stalks, leaves, pod shells and seeds dur ing flowering to maturing by using black bean cultivars ＇Lianjiatiao＇. The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter of above-ground organs after anthesis first increased then decreased, and the accumulation of dry matter in seeds presented the ＂S＂ curve after anthesis. The distribution of dry matter in different organs of black bean changed along with the transition of the growth center, then moved to the reproductive organs in different degrees. Meanwhile, the main source organ of grain-fill- ing was the leaves on the main stem. Significant difference were observed accumulation and transporta tion characteristics of dry matter after anthesis under different N and P fertilizer amount of black bean. The accumulation rate of dry matter in above ground organs and seeds, the distribution proportion and transportation rate of the leaves on main stem were significantly higher than that at the same period of the others of the four groups of treatments. Comprehensive analysis showed that stage of flowering podding is important to form grain yield of black bean. At the same time, the leaves on the main stems was the main source of seed filling. The reasonable ratio of N and P is the key to improve the dry matter accumulation of source organ and promote the transportation of the dry matter to the sinkorgan so as to obtain high yield.