正误样例组合学习的相似性效应和认知加工深度效应

The Similarity Effect and the Cognitive Processing Depth Effect of Learning Correct and Incorrect Worked Examples Combination

为了考察物体受力分析图正、误样例的相似程度以及被试对错误受力分析的认知加工(即对错误受力分析的辨别、解释和改正)水平对物体受力分析规则正误样例组合学习迁移效果的影响,以初中三年级学生为被试进行两项实验研究。实验结果表明:在物体受力分析图正误样例组合学习中存在明显的相似性效应,即正、误样例的相似程度越高,学习迁移的效果越好;对错误受力分析进行"改正"加工的学习迁移效果明显优于对错误的"辨别"加工,即存在明显的认知加工深度效应。

Many middle school students often took place a variety of mistakes in learning objects force analysis rules. On the basis of analyzed for previously experimental material and results, the authors proposed assumption that correct and incorrect objects force analysis maps combination were more similarity and the student＇ s cognitive processing for the incorrect objects force analysis was more depth, the learning effect might been more better. In order to examine above the hypothesis, they took place two experiments as follows：In the first experiment, three kinds of the combinations of correct and incorrect objects force analysis map were designed that were high similarity, low similarity and no similarity. 90ninth grade students were divided three groups and separately learned one kind of the combination. The results showed that the high similarity group＇ s learning transfer scores significantly better than the low similarity group and no similarity group. In the second experiment, 180ninth grade students were divided six groups and separately were engaged in different cognitive processing for the incorrect objects force analysis map in high similarity and low similarity combinations. The results showed that the learning transfer scores of ＂error correction＂ was significantly better than＂ error discern＂. The results of two experiments showed that there were the similarity effect and cognitive processing depth effect in learning correct and incorrect worked examples combination.