认知分歧与内群偏私:公共政策绩效损失问题研究

Cognitive Divergence and In-group Favoritism: A Study on the Inadequate Performance of Public Policies

改革开放30多年以来,公共政策绩效损失现象日渐增多。试图从公共政策绩效生产过程角度来回答公共政策产出与公共价值之间的差距问题。运用社会心理学以及PV-GPG理论阐释了公共政策绩效生产过程中的群体合作与群体冲突行为产生的过程,从中分析公共政策绩效损失产生的逻辑起点、原因以及影响要素。研究发现:公共政策绩效损失的逻辑起点是政策利益主体的认知分歧;公共政策绩效损失产生的原因是,公共政策绩效生产过程中政策价值目标的相对稳定性与利益群体价值分散性的矛盾;影响公共政策绩效损失的主要因素有认知场所、社会观念以及政策包容性。最后提出了减少公共政策绩效损失的对策建议。

For more than 30 years after the policy of Reform and Opening-up was started, inadequate performance of public policies has increasingly been a problem. In order to explain the gap between the performance of public policies and public values, this study is done. Theories of social psychology and PV-GPG are used to explain the existence of group cooperation and conflicts in the implementation process of public policies, whereupon causes and logical starting points leading to the inadequate performance of public policies and its effect are analyzed. The findings show that 1） the inadequate performance of public policies starts from the cognitive divergence of the policy executors regarding the interest of the policy, 2） the conflict between the comparative stagnation of the targeted value of public policies and the divergent interests of the interest group in the implementation of public policies, 3） the inadequate performance of public policies has close relationship with cognitive premises, social perceptions, and policy inclusiveness. Finally counter- measures are proposed to reduce the inadequate performance of public policies.