先天与后天:如何影响中国人的认知能力表现

Nature versus Nurture: How Is Chinese Cognitive Ability Influenced

本文使用全国GCT考试成绩库的大样本数据,用定性回归模型分析中国人的认知能力表现如何受到各种先天因素和后天因素影响。实证结果表明,男性的数量分析能力强于女性,而女性的外语运用能力强于男性,中老年女性面临"一罪两罚"效应。认知能力与年龄之间呈非线性关系,35岁是一个年龄界限。民族之间存在认知能力差异。工作经验对语言表达、数理分析、逻辑推理、外语运用等方面认知能力的维持作用不同。不同职业类型的人之间存在认知能力差异,且随着工作经验的增加,认知能力的变化过程存在职业差异。技术职称高低与认知能力正相关,而行政职务高低与认知能力表现关系不大。毕业于不同类型高校和学习不同专业的人,认知能力存在统计学意义上的显著差异。

A large sample from the national GCT score database is collected and qualitative regression model is used to investigate how Chinese cognitive ability is determined by various factors from nature to nurture. It is verified that Chinese females outperform males in foreign language ability, while males outperform fe- males in quantitative analysis ability, and older females suffer from ＂double jeopardy＂. Chinese cognitive ability is non-linearly related to age where the turning point is showed to be 35 years old. There is statistical- ly significant difference between Han and minorities. Working experience functions differently in the mainte- nance of cognitive ability in language, mathematical analysis, logic and foreign language. Differentiations of cognitive ability exist among occupations. Positive co-relation exists between technical titles and cognitive ability, while there is no evidence to show this relationship between administrative positions and cognitive ability. Statistically cognitive ability is differentiated among people who study different subjects at different universities.