清初政治传播研究——以“剃发令”为中心

Means for the Implementation of Political Intension in the Early Qing Dynasty——Based on the Study of the Decree of“Shaving Hair”

满清政府在征服外族过程中颁布了一系列"剃发易服"政策,通过强迫汉人改变发式和衣着,顺遂满人的风习,确立满族政治文化的主导地位。其中,作为官方政策与意志的主要载体,剃发令的颁行状况是体察清初政治传播机理与特质的关键。通过梳理剃发令之颁行轨迹,辨析"剃发易服"所具有的政治文化意向,对清初政治传播的媒介形式、受众与效果及其局限性进行探讨。

In the process of conquering foreign territories, the Qing government enacted a series of decrees such as ＂shaving hair and changing costumes＂. By forcing the Han people into changing hair styles and costumes and adapting to Manchu traditions, the Qing government helped establish the dominant position of the Manchu political culture. Among others, shaving hair, as the main method to implement official policies and intension, can reveal how the political communication mechanism in the early Qing dynasty worked and thus help a better understanding of its characteristics. By tracking down the trajectory of how the decree of shaving hair was enacted and analyzing the political and cultural intentions of the decree of ＂shaving hair and changing costumes＂, discussion is made regarding 1） the media used by the early Qing government in spreading its political intension, 2） the targeted audience, 3） the impact and 4） its limitation.