抗菌药物不良反应分析

Analysis of adverse reactions induced by use of antibiotics

目的分析患者使用抗菌药物引起的不良反应,总结其临床特征与发生特点,为今后的临床用药提供参考。方法回顾性分析2013年6月-2015年6月发生的526例抗菌药物不良反应中患者的年龄分布、抗菌药物种类、给药途径、累及器官与系统、严重程度分级及转归情形。结果患者因使用抗菌药物而引起的临床表现主要为皮肤及附件、消化系统损害,占57.60%;在发生不良反应的抗菌药物种类中,以喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类所占比例最大,分别占31.94%和27.57%;引起不良反应的给药途径主要为静脉滴注和口服,分别占46.01%和31.18%;主要发生于20～39岁的人群,占54.94%,90.00%以上属于轻中度不良反应,且经过停药及治疗干预后效果良好。结论临床中使用抗菌药物应视患者实际情况而定,对其潜在的不良反应要加以重视。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the adverse reactions induced by the use of antibiotics and analyze the clinical characteristics and incidence so as to provide guidance for clinical use of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 526 patients with antibiotics-induced adverse reactions who were treated from Jun 2013 to Jun 2015 were enrolled in the study,then the clinical data,involving the age,types of antibiotics,drug administration routes,involved organs and systems,classification of severity,and outcomes,were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The major clinical manifestation of the patients with adverse reactions induced by the use of antibiotics was skin and accessories and digestive system damage,accounting for 57.60%.Among the types of antibiotics resulting the adverse reactions,quinolones and cephalosporins accounted for 31.94% and 27.57%,respectively.The intravenous drip and oral administration were the major administration routes that induced the adverse reactions.Of the patients with adverse reactions,54.94% aged from 20 to 39years old,of whom more than 90.00% had mild and moderate adverse reactions,and the effect was good after the withdrawal of drugs and treatment intervention.CONCLUSIONIt is necessary for the hospital to use antibiotics based on the actual situation of the patients and pay attention to the potential adverse reactions.