冲动性人格特质与自杀意念强度和自杀倾向的关系

Relation of impulsivity to intensity of suicide ideation and suicide risk

目的:探讨冲动性人格特质与自杀意念强度和自杀倾向之间的关系,为预防自杀提出理论依据和实证经验。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样的方法选取天津和山东的城乡居民共1172人作为研究对象。通过一般情况调查表、贝克自杀意念量表(BSI-CV)和巴瑞特冲动性人格量表(BIS)来了解被试的自杀意念、自杀倾向和冲动性。采用多重线性回归分析冲动性人格特质与自杀意念强度和自杀倾向的关系。采用Bootstrap程序对自杀意念在冲动性人格与自杀倾向间的中介效应进行检验。结果:居民最忧郁时的自杀意念率是18.1%。BSI-CV得分与BIS得分呈正相关(r=0.14、0.15,均P<0.001)。中介效应检验显示,自杀意念在冲动性与自杀倾向之间起到中介作用,中介效应占总效应的96%。结论:冲动性人格特质通过影响个体的自杀意念,进而影响自杀倾向,因此有必要对高冲动性和自杀意念强的个体予以关注,预防自杀行为的发生。

Objectives： The study aimed to explore whether there was a relationship between impulsive person- ality and the intensity of suicidal ideation and suicidal risk, in order to propose academic and empirical suggestions for prevention of the suicide. Methods： Total of 1172 rural and urban residents in Shandong province and Tianjin were selected using multi-stage stratified sampling. The subjects were assessed by the general information question- naire, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version（BSI-CV） and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale （BIS）. Multivari- ate linear regression analysis was used to determine whether the impulsivity was the independent risk factor of the intensity of suicidal ideation and suicidal risk, after adjusted for demographic characteristics. Bootstrap procedure was applied to determine the mediation effect of the impulsivity on suicide risk through suicide ideation. Results： The suicide ideation rate of residents was 18. 1%. There was a positive correlation between the score of BSI-CV and BIS（ r = 0. 14, 0.15, Ps 〈 0. 001）. Mediation effect model showed that suicide ideation played the mediating role between impulsivity and suicide risk, and mediation effect accounted for the total effect 96%. Conclusion： This re- search shows that impulsivity has the effect on suicide risk through suicide ideation. Persons with high impulsivity and high suicide ideation should be paid more attention to prevent them from suicide.