欧洲国家典型公共文化资助机制的构成特色及发展趋势之比较研究

The Composition,Characteristics and Developing Trends: A Comparative Study of Typical Public Cultural Funding Mechanisms in European Countries

随着现代公共文化资助方式的不断完善，欧洲各国逐渐形成了多元化和社会化的公共文化资助机制。公共文化资助机制是公共文化资助筹集、分配和使用的规则体系和运行方式，它规定了公共文化资助的筹资主体和筹资方式、分配主体和分配方式以及使用主体和使用方式，是保障和促进公共文化生存和发展的重要制度。本文在梳理分析国内外对主要欧洲国家公共文化资助研究的基础上，以英国、法国、德国和荷兰为例，比较分析各国公共文化资助机制的目标指向、构成要件（包括筹资、分配和使用机制）以及配套制度，并进而推断出欧洲国家公共文化资助机制的主要特色和发展趋势。

European countries had gradually formed diversified and socialized funding mechanisms in public cultural funding with the improvement of modern ways of funding for culture. Public cultural funding mechanism is the combination of rules in the financing,distributing and operating of all public cultural expenditure and funds, which specifies the subjects and methods in the financing,distributing and operating of public cultural funding and promotes cultural development. Based on the domestic and overseas research on public cultural funding in main Eu-ropean countries,this article took United Kingdom,France,Germany and the Netherlands for examples,analyzed the targets,composition (including financing,distributing and operating mechanisms) and supporting systems in public cultural funding mechanisms of these four countries and then inferred the main features and developing trends for public cultural funding in European countries.