“一带一路”倒逼中国外交决策机制改革

How Should China's Foreign Policy Apparatus Respond to OBOR Strategy?

"一带一路"战略的实施,促使中国外交从"韬光养晦"转向"奋发有为",这要求中国外交决策机制进行相应的改革。中国外交决策机制的不足包括三个方面:信息的收集与分析、政策建议的筛选与综合、最终决策。其中政策建议的筛选与综合环节的不足尤为明显。为此,中国有必要从观念、制度、人才使用三个方面进行改革:走出"弱国无外交"认知误区,从整体与长远角度处理与周边国家的关系;强化中央国家安全委员会在对外事务上的统摄功能,一名政治局常委任常务副主席兼任中央外事领导小组常务副组长,负责对外事务,外交部长由一名政治局委员级别的副总理兼任;建立政务官与事务官分类制度,强化外交官的离岗培训,大量增加"外部人",即把有经验的相关领域的专家学者吸收到外交决策部门中来。

China＇s foreign policy agenda will change significantly from ＂keeping a low profile＂ to ＂proactively and enterprisingly striving for achievements＂ as it implements the OBOR strategy. It requires the foreign policy appara- tus to make a response accordingly. However, the current policy-making mechanism has three flaws that include the collection and analysis of information, the selection and summary of policy suggestions, and the final decision-mak- ing, of which the second process is particularly obvious. Hence, China needs to reform the conceptual framework, bureaucratic systems and talent selection of the foreign policy bureaucracy. Firstly, it should change the view of ＂no preferential diplomacy for weak country＂ and form wide-ranging political vision and long-term perspective in the relationship with surrounding countries. Secondly, China should strengthen the NSC＇s control over external af- fairs and appoint a standing member of the Politburo as deputy NSC chairman and deputy leader of the Central For- eign Affairs Leading Group. Then the official would be in charge of foreign affairs. In addition, the post of foreign minister should be held by a vice premier who is also a member of the Politburo. Thirdly, it needs to separate polit- ical appointees and civil servants, to strengthen off-the-job training and to appoint many experienced specialists and scholars to its decision-making agency.