个人主义与人的社会属性——预立指示制度的法理阐释

Individualism and Human Social Attributes——the Jurisprudence Interpretation to the Advance Directives

个人主义理念的发展以及对人权保护的呼吁,促进了预立指示的产生与发展,而绝对个人主义忽视了个人的社会属性,将预立指示制度置于伦理困境。应当以非立法的方式推进预立指示的施行,遵循自主决定原则、最佳利益原则和最少限制原则设立预立指示制度,并加强预立指示实施过程中,家庭成员监督与公权监督的相互配合。

The development of the concept of individualism and the appeal for the protection of human rights promote the emergence and development of the advance directives,but the possessive individualism ignores the personal social attributes and put the advance directives into the ethical dilemma.We should put autonomous decisions,best interests,and least restrictions as the principle of legislation of the advance directives system,and enhance the mutual coordination between family members and public power supervision.