公交专用道选址与公交线网组合优化模型

Combined optimization model of bus-only lane location and transit route network

提出了基于公交走廊的专用道选址和公交线网同步调整的组合优化设计思路,并构建了双层优化模型,上层模型以最小化用户出行成本、公交运营成本和最大化线路运营效率为目标,寻找最优的专用道选址与公交线网优化组合优化方案,下层模型以最小广义出行成本为目标,进行小汽车和公交车的客流分配。利用遗传算法对模型进行求解,通过算例对模型的有效性和实用性进行验证,并对模型的关键参数进行灵敏性分析。分析结果表明:优化后线路覆盖站点率为100%,覆盖63个路段,路段覆盖率为76%;路网总出行成本为525 147元,比现有总出行成本655 282元降低了20%;公交线网效率目标值为234人次·h-1,比现有公交线网效率179人次·h-1提高了31%。可见,基于公交走廊的专用道选址与公交线网组合优化方案明显优于单一优化公交专用道选址与单一调整公交线网方案,能够更好发挥公交走廊的网络效益。

The combined optimization design idea of simultaneously adjusting bus-only lane location and transit route network based on transit corridor was proposed, and two-level optimization model was designed to find the optimal combined design approach of bus-only lane location and transit route network. The combined optimization approach of bus-only lane and transit route network was solves by using the upper-level model with the minimum travel cost, operating cost of bus and maximum operating efficiency of road network, and the passenger flows of car and bus were distributed by using the lower-level model with the minimum generalized travel cost. The genetic algorithm was used to solve the model, the effectiveness and practicability of the model were verified through a case, and the sensitivities of key parameters of the model were analyzed. Analysis result shows that after optimization the routes cover 100% of bus sites and 63 road sections, the coverage proportion of road sections is 76%. The total travelling cost in route network is 525 147 yuan, and decreases by 20% compared with present cost 655 282 yuan. The efficiency target value of transit route network is 234 person-times per hour, and increases by 31% from 179 person-times per hour available now. Obviously, the combined optimization approach of bus-only lane location and transit route network based on transit corridor is obviously preferable to the approaches of simply optimizing bus-only lane location and simply adjusting transit route network, and gives play to the network benefits of transit corridor better. 6 tabs, 6 figs, 26 refs.