索尔·贝娄的托洛茨基主义思想与《受害者》的资本主义批判

Saul Bellow's Trotskyism and the Critique of Capitalism in The Victim

研究者大多关注美国犹太作家索尔·贝娄早期小说《受害者》中的反犹主义而疏忽了他在小说中对资本主义制度的批判。《受害者》创作于上世纪40年代大萧条时期,此时贝娄受托洛茨基主义影响具有左倾倾向,但因后期他背离了左翼政治、转变为新保守主义而对政治问题三缄其口,他早期小说中的政治思想也尚未被学界充分认知。文章以贝娄在大萧条语境下的托洛茨基主义思想为基础,结合马恩理论,从小说中的集体失业与个人失业两方面分析贝娄在《受害者》中对资本主义制度的否定以及对不平等的劳工关系的批判。

Many researchers have tended to notice the anti-Semitism in Saul Bellow＇ s The Victim, to the pointof neglecting its much more underlying critique of capitalism. As a fanatic Trotskyist, Bellow was in concord with left-wing views in the Great Depression when he wrote The Victim; however, due to his deviation from the left-wing politics later, his political views in early novels have not been studied sufficiently. This paper aims to reveal Bel- low＇ s negative attitude to the capitalism system and his harsh critique of labor relations from the aspect of unem- ployment in this novel.