汉语直译词研究补遗

Supplement to Research on Literal Translation Words in Chinese

现代汉语词典所收的直译词越来越多,而学界对其研究却相对薄弱。采用直译方式引进外语词语能使词形简短经济,能保存好源语词的形象色彩,还能填补一些汉语固有语素或词语的语义空白,所以它已经成为当下很受欢迎的一种词语翻译方式。显性直译词可根据词义透明度高低的不同程度划分为"全暗不明""半暗半明""暗中有明"三个小类。由于直译词的意义、语素、结构方式和造词理据等都来源于异族语言和文化,所以直译词应当算作外来词。

The number of the literal translation words in the Modem Chinese Dictionary is on the increase, while the research on it is relatively weak. First of all, the article believes that to introduce foreign language words by literal translation can make the words short and economical, maintain the image color of the source words, and fill the semantic deficiency of the inherent Chinese morpheme or words. So, it has become a popular way of lexical translation. Secondly, the article argues that explicit literal words can be divided into three sub-classes according to the different degree of semantic transparency ： all the dark unknown , half dark and bright , and dark mixing with bright. Finally, as a result of literal translation, the meaning, morpheme, structural mode and wording theories of the liter- al translation words are originated from the foreign languages and cuhures, so we believe literal words should be treated as loanwords.