我国27所医院经口气管插管患者口腔护理操作流程的内容分析

Content analysis on oral care procedure of orotracheal intubated patients from 27 hospitals in China

目的了解我国ICU经口气管插管患者口腔护理操作流程的制定现状,明确存在的问题,为今后的研究提供参考。方法通过向与我院护理部有合作往来的85所医院的ICU护理管理者或护士发送电子邮件,收集科室经口气管插管患者口腔护理的操作流程,并采用内容分析方法从口腔护理的准备工作、操作目的、护理前评估、口腔护理方法及溶液共5个方面进行系统分析。结果58所回应的医院中有27所医院提供了详细的操作流程或规范,来信回复中有14所医院(51.9%)采用冲洗加(棉球或纱布)擦洗法为经口气管插管患者实施口腔护理,11所医院(40.7%)采用棉球擦洗法,2所医院(7.4%)采用冲洗法。结论不同医院科室的口腔护理操作方法、溶液、工具等的使用各不相同。应加快建立全国统一规范化的经口气管插管患者口腔评估工具,促进该类患者口腔护理的循证实践,提高我国危重患者的口腔护理水平。

Objective To know the status quo of oral care procedure for ICU orotracheal intubated patients in China,and to identify the existing problems as well as to provide references for further study.Methods We sent emails to the nursing administrators or nurses in ICU of 85 hospitals which cooperated with nursing department of our hospital,and collected oral care procedures or specifications of orotracheal intubated patients,then utilized content analysis methods to systematically analyze the preparation of oral care,operation purpose,assessment before oral care,oral care methods and solution.Results Totally 58 hospitals replied us,and 27 of which provided detailed procedures or specifications.Of the 27 hospitals,14（51.9%）utilized rinsing（cotton or gauze）and scrubbing to do oral care for orotracheal intubated patients,11（40.7%）hospitals used cotton scrubbing,and 2（7.4%）utilized rinsing.Conclusion The oral care methods,solution and tools in different hospitals are different.The nationalized and standardized oral care assessment tools for orotracheal intubated patients should be built to improve evidence-based oral care for such kind of patients,and enhance oral care level for critically ill patients in China.