唐代丝绸之路上中亚地区粟特人城市遗址壁画研究

Studies on Mural of Sogdian City Ruins in Central Asia on the Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty

唐时期,贯通欧亚大陆的丝绸之路延长,进入了陆上丝绸之路的鼎盛。在陆上丝绸之路的中段,是一些中亚城市国家,虽然各自独立,却成了连接东西方的重要纽带。在此阶段,粟特人成了陆上丝绸之路商贸活动的主要实施者。粟特人几乎散布于从中国一直到拜占庭帝国的丝绸之路上。粟特人的聚落、定居点大都以商业活动为主,也有部分居民从事农作。片治肯特是众多粟特城市遗址中壁画遗存最多、壁画内容相当丰富的一个地区。其壁画至今仍然色彩鲜艳,虽然部分斑驳损毁,但依然能够窥见粟特人的生活、习俗、信仰等。粟特城市遗址壁画充分揭示了中亚城市作为欧亚经济交流和文化沟通的内容。其壁画既有西方波斯、罗马风格的影响,也有东方唐朝中原风格的渗透,将不同文化融于一炉是中亚城市遗址壁画的特性。

During the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road in Eurasia had been greatly extended, reaching its peak. Some Central Asian city-states were in the middle section of Silk Road. Although independent to each other, they became links between the East and the West. Sogdians were important traders. Sogdian settlements mostly distributed over the Silk Road, from China to the border of the Byzantine Empire. The settlements relied mainly on commercial activities with a little farming. Kent is one of Sogdian city ruins with the largest number of murals and with the most abundant contents. Although some murals were damaged, they still show beautiful colors and some Sogdian life, customs, and beliefs. The murals in Sogdian city ruins fully relfect the features of communication between Europe and Asia. The murals are not only inlfuenced by Persian and Roman-style, but also permeated Tang Dynasty style. Blending of different cultures is typical characteristic of murals in central Asian city ruins.