环境规制新要求下中国工业部门对外经济政策研究——来自外商投资和贸易开放的经验证据

Chinese Foreign Economy Policy in Industrial Sectors under New Requirements for Environmental Regulation: Empirical Experience from Foreign Investment and Trade Opening

中国提出计划2030年左右碳排放达到峰值,这成为中国量化减排的环境规制新要求,中国作为国际贸易和投资大国,对外经济发展与经济低碳转型关系密切。文章以中国工业部门20个细分行业为研究对象构建面板数据模型,实证分析外商投资和贸易开放对中国行业碳排放的影响,尝试推导SRIO模型计算出口净隐含碳强度划分外贸高低碳行业,并进行实证对比分析,结果发现中国工业部门整体和分类行业的贸易开放度提高有助于减少行业碳排放强度,行业整体和高碳行业的外商投资规模扩大会增加碳排放强度和总量,而低碳行业的外商投资规模扩大则有助于降低行业碳排放强度,且存在倒"U"型的"环境库兹涅兹曲线(EKC)"。文章从中国工业部门差异化环境规制政策、吸引高质量外商投资以及注重发挥研发和科技作用等方面提出政策建议。

China plans to peak in carbon dioxide emiss in 2030,which means new requirements for environmental regulation of China's quantitative emission reduction. As a big country in international trade and foreign investment,China's foreign economic development has close relationship with low-carbon transition development. This paper constructs a panel model and empirically analyzes the effect of foreign investment and trade openness on CO2 emission of 20 industries in Chinese industrial sector,and tries to deduce SRIO model and calculate net carbon intensity embodied in export commodities,which is regarded as standard to divide total industries( ALIN) into trade-high-carbon industries( THIN) and trade-low-carbon industries( TLIN). Trade openness helps to reduce carbon intensity of Chinese industrial sector,while foreign investment increases carbon intensity and the amount of ALIN and THIN,but reduces carbon intensity of TLIN. Chinese industrial sector should expand foreign trade openness and carry out differentiated environmental regulation policies.