MicroRNA在葡萄膜恶性黑色素瘤中的研究进展

Research progression on microRNA in uveal melanomas

恶性黑色素瘤恶性程度高,易经血流转移,是成年人中最多见的一种恶性眼内肿瘤,其发生发展涉及到多步骤的分子生物学机制,包括原癌基因和抑癌基因的遗传和表观遗传学改变。因此研究参与此过程的分子机制能为肿瘤的有效治疗提供有益的见解。微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码单链小分子RNA,在各种生理病理过程中发挥了重要作用,最新的研究发现,异常表达的microRNA参与了葡萄膜恶性黑色素瘤众多的病理过程。本文综述了microRNA的发现、形成及作用机制,葡萄膜恶性黑色素瘤中microRNA的异常表达及其可能机制,microRNA与葡萄膜恶性黑色素瘤的发生与增殖、侵袭和转移以及microRNA在葡萄膜恶性黑色素瘤中的临床应用价值。

Uveal melanomas which have high degree of malignancy,and easy occurs metastasis through local extension and / or blood borne dissemination,is one of the most common adult malignant intraocular tumors,and its development involves a multi-step mechanism of molecular biology,including proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes genetic and epigenetic changes. Therefore,the molecular mechanisms involved in this process can provide useful insights for effective treatment of tumors. MicroRNA are a class of about 2 2nucleotides,small molecule non-coding single-stranded RNA,play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. This article reviews the microRNA discovery,formation and mechanism of action,abnormal expression in uveal melanoma and its possible mechanism involving in it,relation of microRNA and uveal malignant melanoma occurrence and proliferation,invasion and metastasis,and clinical value of microRNA in uveal melanoma.