中国科学社的兴亡——以《科学》杂志为线索的考察

The Rise and Fall of the Science Society of China: Based on the Study of its Journal Kexue

中国科学社最初依靠革命的报刊网络来出版发行《科学》杂志,归国后则借助江浙地方实力派、立宪派的资助建立图书馆和生物研究所。1927年南京国民政府成立后,得益于与国民党的密切关系,它初步实现了发展中国科学的计划。在第二次国共内战期间,《科学》杂志积极配合中国科学工作者协会开展宣传工作。然而,在中华人民共和国成立之后,中国科学社还是最终宣告解散。通过对中国科学社发展历程的重新描述,本文试图阐明中国科学社在推动中国科学职业化和专门化的进程中,其发展历程与国内的政治变迁和社会环境有着紧密的联系,同时也受到了国际因素,特别是来自英美两国的影响。另外,随着中国科学职业化的发展,中国科学社和《科学》杂志也被迫不断地调整自身的角色与功能。

At the beginning the Science Society of China used the revolutionary journal networks to publish, distribute and advertise Kexue. After returning to China, it received financial support from the constitutionalists and squires in Jiansu and Zhejiang Provinces, and established the library and the biological laboratory. After the National Government was founded at Nanjing in 1927, with the close relationship with the Nationalists, its plan of Chinese science development was basically materialized. During the Second Civil War between the Communists and the Nationalists, Kexue took part in the political propaganda leaded by the Chinese Association of Scientific Workers. Even so, the Science Society of China was forced to dissolution after the founding of People＇s Republic of China. By presenting this new story of the Science Society of China, this paper suggests that the development of the Science Society was directly related to political changes and social conditions, and also affected by the international influences, especially from America and England. With the professionalization of science advanced by the Science Society, both the society and its Kexue also were forced to modify their roles and functions.