二程“格物致知”思想体系中的认识论问题探要

An Analysis of Epistemology in the Ideological System of Two Cheng's Pursuit of Knowledge through Intense Study of Objects

在阐述"格物致知"思想时,二程提出了几对认识论范畴:"真知"是指把握了事物的内在本质和发展规律的认识,"常知"则是停留于事物表面现象和外部联系的认识;"心知"与"深知"相当于今天的理性认识,阐明理性认识同感性认识的区别以及感性认识上升为理性认识的重要性;"实见"与"未见"分别相当于直接经验和间接经验,强调"实见"产生真知;"积累"与"贯通"说明人类认识发展的过程是不断处理事物的普遍与特殊、一般与个别关系的过程。关于"知"与"行",他们认为知为行之先,有了知,则自然能行,所以知为先,行为后。二程对认识论范畴的论述,既体现思维的整体性和和谐性,又突出了系统性与思辨性。

There were five pairs of category of epistemology in the theory of ＂Extending Knowledge by Investigating Things＂ of Two Chengs （ Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi）. ＂True knowledge＂ refers to grasp the internal essence of things and the understanding of the law of development. ＂Often known＂ is a surface on things and the understanding of the external links. ＂Heart know＂ and ＂Know＂ the equivalent of today~ rational knowledge, to clarify the difference between rational knowledge and perceptual knowledge and perceptual knowledge rise to rational knowledge of the importance. ＂See real＂ and ＂Not seen＂ equivalent of direct experience and indirect experi- ence respectively, emphasis on ＂See real＂ truth. ＂Accumulation＂ and ＂Cut-through＂ explain the process of the development of human knowledge are constantly dealing with the common and special things, the relationship between general and individual process. They think that line known as the first, the knowledge, is natural can do it, so to know first, after the behavior. Two Chengs the category of epistemology, reflects the thinking of integrated and harmonious, and highlights the systemic and argument.