客家方言及其他东南方言的唇化软腭音声母

Labal Velar Consonants in Hakka Dialects and Other Dialects in Southeast China

古见组合口字在部分客家方言点中今读唇化软腭音声母kv、k^hv(少数方言点还有?v),在部分的方言点中今读软腭音声母k、k^h且不带-u-介音,在大部分方言点中今读软腭音声母k、k^h且或多或少带-u-介音。今读唇化软腭音声母属于最早的层次,其他两种类型都由此演变而来,19世纪以来西方传教士、汉学家所编写的客家方言罗马字拼音文献可以作为旁证。粤语、赣语和吴语也有相关的表现,说明早期东南方言中除闽语之外可能普遍存在kv组或kw组的唇化软腭音声母,这在东南方言的语音史研究中要特别引起注意。

MC Jian 见 group with hekouh 合口呼 finals pronounces as label velar consonants kv or khv in some Hakka dialects, even v in few Hakka dialects, as velar consonants k or kh and with no u glides in some others, and as velar k or kh and with u glides in most Hakka dialects. This paper argues that the first type should be the earliest layer and the other types derives from it, taking literatures in Rome capitals on Hakka dialects by western missionaries or Sinologists from the 19^th century as collateral evidences. Relevant evidences can be found in Yue, Gan and Wu dialects which implies that label velar consonants as kv or kw group may be ubiquitous in early dialects in southeast China except Min dialects and it worth attention in historical phonological study.